In order to implement the action plan for large-scale increases in grain yield per unit area, field experiments and demonstrations of rice reasonable close planting cultivation techniques for yield increase and efficiency enhancement were conducted in Wengyuan County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, during the late season of 2024 and the early season of 2025. The trial included two treatment groups: “farmers’ conventional cultivation technique” (hereinafter referred to as “farmers’habits”) and “rice reasonable close planting cultivation technique for yield increase and efficiency enhancement” (hereinafter referred to as ‘reasonable close planting’). The effects of the two cultivation techniques on rice yield and its components, total biomass, harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency, and economic benefits were systematically analyzed. The results showed that, compared with “farmers’ habits” cultivation technique, the ‘reasonable close planting’ technique significantly increased the number of effective panicles (by 12.86%-29.87%), biomass (by 13.38%-29397%), and grain yield (by 22.11%-27.51%), while also enhancing nitrogen partial factor productivity (by 46.64%-62.60%) and net income (by 106.46%-109.66%). These findings confirm that the ‘reasonable close planting’ cultivation technique could provide a scientific basis and technical support for large-scale increases in rice yield per unit area and economic benefit.