The new round of the “100 Billion Jin Grain Production Capacity Enhancement Initiative” is crucial to national food security and long-term development, representing a tough battle that must be won. As one of China’s thirteen major grain-producing provinces, Hubei must resolutely shoulder its political responsibility as a leading agricultural province. Rice is the largest grain crop in Hubei, and significantly increasing its per-unit yield is an essential component of achieving the national production capacity target. To explore effective pathways for increasing yield per unit area, we conducted field investigations across the province’s main rice-growing areas, systematically reviewed the current status and outcomes of policy support, resource conditions, technology application, and industrial development, accurately identified bottlenecks constraining yield increases, and proposed targeted implementation strategies for large-scale yield improvement. This study aims to provide comprehensive, scientific, and actionable decision-making references for Hubei to advance this work in a solid and effective manner.