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20 November 2016, Volume 22 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Overview of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Application in Quality Measurement and Genetic Analysis of Rice 2016, 22(6): 1-3.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   Near infrared spectroscopy technology is an efficient method for detecting chemical constituents of sample, and widely used in the quality component testing and rapid screening of breeding materials, etc. This paper briefly describes the basic principle of the technology, quantitative analysis step and its application in rice quality improvement. Near infrared spectroscopy technology can not only improve the efficiency of breeding selection, but also contributed to a better quality of genetic mechanism research, and accelerate the rice quality improvement process.

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Analysis on Characteristics of Rice Varieties Registered in China in 2015 2016, 22(6): 4-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (595KB) ( )   487 rice varieties, including 34 conventional indica rice, 209 three lines indica hybrid rice, 105 two lines indica hybrid rice, 101 conventional japonica rice, 19 japonica hybrid rice and 8 sterile lines, were registered by Crop Variety Approval Committee in China in 2015. Average yield of conventional indica rice is 466.44 kg/667 m2, two lines indica hybrid rice is 575.40 kg/667 m2, three lines indica hybrid rice is 547.87 kg/667 m2, conventional japonica rice is 622.85 kg/667 m2, japonica hybrid rice is 661.66 kg/667 m2. Quality compliance rate of japonica rice was 74.17%, quality compliance rate of indica rice was 34.93%; quality compliance rate of conventional rice was 69.92%, quality compliance rate of hybrid rice was 35.09%. The quality of japonica rice was significantly better than indica rice; the quality of conventional rice was significantly better than hybrid rice. Varieties with excellent resistance to diseases and insect pests were less.

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Environment Influence and Improvement of Investigation and Statistical Methods on Flowering Time in Rice 2016, 22(6): 10-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (699KB) ( )   Rice flowering time is a critical factor for seed production in hybrid rice. The research of rice flowering time could be promoted by clarification the influence of environment and utilization appropriate investigation and statistical method. In the present study, the regularity of flowering time changing with temperature and day length was clarified though sowing parents by stages. Simultaneously, an effective investigation and statistical method was firstly established to investigate rice flowering time in the field no matter how the environment changes, based on a recombinant inbred line population including 184 lines from the cross between Nipponbare and the early flowering time mutant eft. The improved method could effectively mitigate the influence of environmental on flowering time and reduce the error of flowering time from 0~30 min to 0~5 min. The method may provide more accurate data to study rice flowering time traits in the future.

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Research Progress on Improving the Utilization Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice 2016, 22(6): 15-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (694KB) ( )   Rice production develops rapidly in our country, nitrogen fertilizer play an important role in rice production, but the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is lower than the average level of the world obviously. It not only affects the overall competitiveness of rice production in our country, but also leads to a series of environmental problems. The author introduced the effects of nitrogen on rice growth, the influencing factors of nitrogen absorption of rice, and discussed how to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of rice in our country in this paper, in order to increase the nitrogen use efficiency and income for farmers.

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Genotyping of 103 Parents of Hybrid Rice Using DNA Markers for Bacterial Blight and Blast Resistance Genes 2016, 22(6): 20-24.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (508KB) ( )   The rice blast and bacterial blight are two of the most serious disease in rice production. The use of resistance genes in rice breeding has been known to be an efficient approach for rice protection, which requires an understanding the allelic distribution of the resistance genes in rice germplasm. The objective of this study is to determine the allelic variation of 13 resistance genes in 103 parental lines of hybrid rice，including 8 genes for bacterial blight resistance （Xa1, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13, Xa21, Xa23 and Xa26） and 5 ones for blast resistance（Pib, Pi2, Pi9, Pi25 and Pita）. 29 DNA markers determining the 13 genes were used for genotyping. The information could be useful in the processing of variety improvement.

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Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Super Hybrid Rice Q you 6 2016, 22(6): 25-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (577KB) ( )   The effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels on dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake and yield of rice were studied, with super hybrid rice Q you 6 as materials. The results showed that the yield, effective panicles and spikelets per panicle increased gradually with the increase of fertilizer-N application, while seed setting rate decreased; leaf area index（LAI） and dry matter accumulation were at the highest level under maximum value of fertilizer-N application. The yield, effective panicles and 1000-grain weight were slightly increased with the application of fertilizer-P increased, while LAI increased at first and then decreased at every growth stage, and dry matter accumulation increased gradually at jointing stage. The yield and LAI increased gradually with the increment of K rates, while dry matter accumulation increased first and then decreased. As the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer improved, total nutrient uptake of rice and demand of grain nutrients per 100 kg increased, while nutrient harvest index, nutrient recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency showed a decreasing trend.

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Influence of Different Fertilization Treatment on Eating Taste of Rice Variety Daohuaxiang 2016, 22(6): 30-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )   Taking “Daohuaxiang” as material, using three kinds of fertilization treatment, namely conventional treatment（T1）, fermented soybean cake （T2）, fermented soybean cake + maifan stone（T3）. The results showed that the head rice rate of T3 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and T2 treatment, The chalky rice rate was T3>T2>T1, but the broken rice rate was T3<T2<T1. The protein content showed a trend of T1>T2>T3, the amylose content was no significant difference among three treatments, the score of T3 was significantly higher than that of T1 and T2 treatment, but the difference between T2 and T1 treatment was not significant. In terms of starch pasting properties，the peak viscosity was T2>T3>T1, the breakdown was T3>T2>T1, on the contrary, the setback showed a trend of T3<T2<T1. The results of sensory test indicated that there was no significance among three treatments on cooking rice appearance. Compared with T1 treatment, the aroma and comprehensive evaluation of T2 or T3 treatment were significantly or very significantly higher. There was no significant difference between T2 and T1 treatment at taste, viscosity and hardness, but there were significant difference between T1 and T3 treatment at flavor and viscosity.

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Effects of Total Returning of Astragalus sinicus on Yield and Quality of the Conventional Red Rice Varieties 2016, 22(6): 34-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (509KB) ( )   In order to evaluate the effects of total returning of milk vetch on yield and quality of the conventional red rice varieties, a field experiment of different fertilizer treatment（T1, overturning the total milk vetch as base fertilizer; T2, applying nitrogen 112.5 kg/hm2; T3, the total mild vetch as base fertilizer and 45 kg/hm2 nitrogen as tillering fertilizer; CK, no fertilizer）were conducted in 2014-2015, Xiaobaizhan and Gaoyuanhong were used as materials. The results showed that the yield of T1, T2 and T3 of two varieties significantly increased by 17.5%, 45.5%, 41.4% and 12.6%, 28.4%, 23.7% respectively, compared with the CK. The cause of yield increasing is attribute to the increasing of effective panicles per area and spikelets per panicle. The total returning of milk vetch optimized the population structure of rice, promoting the percentage of available tillers and harvest index, improving resistance of lodging by decreasing plant height. The total returning of milk vetch can reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizer, compared with T2, T3 treatment reducing 60% nitrogen fertilizer.As well as, it obviously improved the appearance quality and eating quality through reducing the chalky rice rate, increasing head rice rate and gel consistency. In summary, the total returning of milk vetch has a good application value in developing rice production in mountain area.

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Differences in Cadmium Contents of Main Cultivated Early Rice Varieties in Hubei Province 2016, 22(6): 38-41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (533KB) ( )   Through determination on cadmium contents of 839 early rice samples of 31 main cultivated rice varieties in Hubei Province, the difference in cadmium contents of different varieties and different types were analyzed. The results showed that the over-standard rate of early rice samples in Hubei was 6.3%, which was lower than the national average level. The cadmium contents of conventional rice were higher than that of hybrid rice. The most widely planted varieties were Liangyou 287, Jinyou 402 and Ezao 18. The over-standard rate of Jinyou 402 was 1.2%, Liangyou 287 was 6.5% and Ezao 18 was 4.0%.

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Analysis of Climate Resources Utilization Efficiency of Late Sowing Japonica Rice in Xinyang Area 2016, 22(6): 42-45.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (441KB) ( )   Based on global solar radiation, daily average temperatures and rainfall in rice growth period during the past 30 years（1981-2010） in Xinyang City, the yield of 7 500 kg/hm2, using the predecessors' research climate resource utilization analysis method, the climate resource utilization were calculated after delayed sowing of japonica rice. The results showed that the utilization efficiency of solar energy increased by 0.03 percentage point, the utilization efficiency of thermal energy increased by 1.74%, and the utilization efficiency of precipitation increased by 10.85% after delayed sowing of japonica rice in Xinyang City.

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Rethinking of Rice Culture（13）: Rice and Faith: Rice Related Holiday, Faith and Sacrifice 2016, 22(6): 46-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (988KB) ( )   Holiday is a folk culture, more sacrifice and faith in the ancients, but deviation to reality, and including faith in the modern people. The paper introduced some rice related holiday, including rice dumplings（a traditional Chinese rice-pudding） and the Dragon Boat Festival, Qingming dumplings and Qingming Festival, Tangyuan and the Lantern Festival, rice transplanting festival, rice harvesting festival, and other festival in China, including paddy cultivation of ethnic minorities, rice lotus shrine, Xufu shrine and others in Japan, and Crowley international rice holiday in Louisiana, USA.

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Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants 2016, 22(6): 52-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1409KB) ( )   As sessile organisms, plants must cope with abiotic stress such as soil salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures. Core stress-signaling pathways involve protein kinases related to the yeast SNF1 and mammalian AMPK, suggesting that stress signaling in plants evolved from energy sensing. Stress signaling regulates proteins critical for ion and water transport and for metabolic and gene-expression reprogramming to bring about ionic and water homeostasis and cellular stability under stress conditions. Understanding stress signaling and responses will increase our ability to improve stress resistance in crops to achieve agricultural sustainability and food security for a growing world population.

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Analysis on the Yield Stability and High Yielding Characteristics of Super Japonica Rice Variety Nangeng 9108 2016, 22(6): 61-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (538KB) ( )   Using the data of Jiangsu rice regional experiment in 2011 to 2012 and the yield data of machine-transplanted japonica rice on high-yielding demonstration field in 2013 and 2014, the yield stability and super-high-yielding characteristics of super rice variety Nangeng 9108 were analyzed in order to provide some references for super high yielding cultivation, large-area extension and application of this variety. The results indicated that the yielding ability, stability and adaptability of Nangeng 9108 were better than that of Huaidao 9. The grain yield was significantly increased by improving cultivation technology or the environment. Super-high-yielding rice had more population spikelets than the middle high-yielding rice, the high-yielding rice and higher-yielding rice. And the difference among them was significant. There was no significant difference in seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight among the grain yield of four types of populations. In order to enlarge the population spikelets, it depended on enriching the effective panicles from middle-yielding to high-yielding, while increasing spikelets per panicle was the major factor from high-yielding to higher-yielding and super-high-yielding. Correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly positively correlated with the population spikelets and spikelets per panicle, and was un-significantly positively correlated with the effective panicles, seed setting rate and     1 000-grain weight． Path analysis showed that the population spikelets had the greatest direct effect on the yield, followed by the spikelets per panicle and effective panicles. The seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight had indirect effect on the yield by indirect negative influence on the spikelets per panicle, effective panicles and the population spikelets. The characteristics of super-high-yielding on Nanjing 9108 are enriching the population spikelets on the basis of sufficient effective panicles and larger panicle type. Therefore, stable 1 000-grain-weight and seed setting rate are needed for increasing total spikelets.

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Effects of New Cultivation Techniques on Rice Yield and Quality 2016, 22(6): 66-70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (533KB) ( )   A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of increasing aroma cultivation for aromatic conventional rice Xiangyaxiangzhan, Meixiangzhan, cultivation technique characterized by enhancing source, activating sink and improving quality for non aromatic conventional rice Jingnongsimiao and Huahang 31, on rice yield, quality, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, aroma content and other indicators in Zhongshan City. The results showed that the photosynthetic capacity had obvious advantages by increasing aroma cultivation and cultivation technique characterized by enhancing source, activating sink and improving quality treatments at the late growth stage, which promoted the material production and accumulation. At the same time, the increasing aroma cultivation increased the 2-AP content of aromatic rice, and reached the purpose of increasing aroma.

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Research on High Yield and High Efficient Fertilizer Management on Machine Transplanting Single Cropping Rice along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province 2016, 22(6): 71-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (545KB) ( )    According to the characteristics of machine transplanting rice, the authors discussed the high yield and high efficient fertilizer management on machine transplanting single cropping rice along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. The results showed that the control of nitrogen and phosphorus add potassium fertilizer management is suitable for machine transplanting rice. High yield and high efficient fertilizer management include: base nitrogen fertilizer amount should be controlled within 108 kg/hm2, basal nitrogen fertilizer, tillering nitrogen fertilizer and panicle nitrogen fertilizer proportion is 4∶4∶2. The base phosphate fertilizer and panicle phosphate fertilizer ratio is 8.5∶1.5. The base potassium fertilizer and panicle potassium fertilizer ratio is 7∶3 or 4.6∶5.4. When the target output of 9 000~9 750 kg/hm2, the recommended amount of fertilizer are: N 195~210 kg/hm2, P2O5 72 kg/hm2 and K2O 120 kg/hm2. When N, P and K in panicle fertilizer accounted for 20%, 15%, 54% of the total, the population and yield components of rice are more reasonable, which is favorable for high yield and high efficient production. The machine transplanting rice has more growing amount, longer growing period and larger potassium consumption, so the application of panicle potassium fertilizer is an effective measure to increase the yield.

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Grey Relational Analysis and Evaluation of Drip Irrigation Rice Varieties Under Film Mulch 2016, 22(6): 76-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (402KB) ( )   Yield and main yield components and quality of twelve rice varieties were comprehensively studied by the method of grey relational analysis. The results showed that the correlation of A10 and target variety is the largest, the correlation of A1, A2, A4, A9 and target variety are similar, these varieties could be planted under the condition of drip irrigation with film mulch. The correlation of A6 and traget variety is the smallest, it is not suitable for planting under the condition of drip irrigation with film mulch.

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Practical Technology for Cultivating Ratoon Rice in Rice-fish System 2016, 22(6): 80-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (407KB) ( )   The use of ratoon rice and fish symbiotic technology, can solve the contradiction of low efficiency of land use and the shortage of labor force. However, few studies about ratoon rice and fish symbiotic technology had been reported currently. A field experiment was carried out to study the key techniques for ratoon rice and fish symbiotic system: stubble height and planting density of rice. The results showed that, 40 cm of rice stubble and 33 cm×17 cm of planting space with single basic seedling per hill was optimized.

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Discussion on the Measures for Full Heading of Machine Transplanted Rice in Cool Region 2016, 22(6): 83-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (334KB) ( )   Discussion on the measures for full heading of mechanized transplanting rice in cool region, through the test of machine planting variety screening, suitable seedling ages and nitrogen fertilization dosage and application. These measures mainly including choice of the varieties with the growth period not more than 180 d and fine chilling tolerance, seedling ages in 30~35 d, nitrogen fertilization amount does not exceed 20 kg/667 m2, and reduce the ratio of postponing N application.

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Strong Seedling Technique of Mechanical Transplanting Super Rice Variety  Yanggeng 4227 2016, 22(6): 86-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (506KB) ( )   Using good water absorbent seed-coating material to study its application effects on the mechanical transplanting super rice variety Yanggeng 4227, the effects of different pesticide-seed ratio （0; 1∶15; 1∶30; 1∶60） on the seedling emergence rate, seedling rate, seedling quality and seedling root morphology characteristics were studied. The result indicated that: the seedling emergence rate, seedling rate under appropriate amount of pesticide-seed ratio with 1∶30 was increased by 3.93 percentage point and 7.35 percentage point respectively compared with non-coated seed processing. Generally, appropriate amount of pesticide-seed ratio treatment could increase the rate of strong seedlings significantly, improve the elasticity of seedling age and extend transplanting date.

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Planting Performance and Suggestions of 3 High Yield Rice Varieties by Transplanting in Hotan Region 2016, 22(6): 90-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (391KB) ( )   A field experiment was carried out to explore the planting performance of three rice varieties, Xindao 11, Xindao 36 and Xindao 44, with different cultivation modes. The results showed that the yield of transplanting pattern were significantly higher than that of direct seeding pattern, and the yield of Xindao 11 was highest, the head rice rate of Xindao 44 was lower. It is recommended that Xindao 11 or Xindao 36 is more suitable for local rice production with transplanting cultivation mode.

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Characteristics and High Yield Cultivation Techniques of Single Cropping Late Japonica Rice Variety Ning 84 2016, 22(6): 93-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (248KB) ( )   Ning 84 is a new single cropping late japonica rice variety, bred by Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences and suitable for planting in Zhejiang Province as single cropping rice. In order to provide some references for the popularization and application of Nanjing 84, the yield, agronomic characters, economic characters, stress resistance, quality and cultivation techniques of Ning 84 were summarized in this paper.

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Breeding and Application of a New Two-line Hybrid Rice Combination Longliangyou 750 with Fine Quality 2016, 22(6): 95-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (374KB) ( )   Longliangyou 750 is a new temperature sensitive two-line hybrid rice combination, derived from Long S, a new two-line male sterile line which was bred by Hunan Agricultural University, and Zhongzhonghui 750, which was bred by Sanya Branch of China National Seed Group Co. Ltd. It had fine quality, reached the three level of national standards of indica rice. Besides, it showed higher yield and stronger disease resistance than Teyou 009（Ck） in the regional trails of Hainan Province. It was registered and released for commercial production by Hainan Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in April, 2016. Its breeding procedure, major characteristics, cultivation and seed production techniques were introduced in this paper.

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Study on Suitable Planting Density of Wide-narrow Row Machine Transplanting Method of Nangeng 9108 2016, 22(6): 98-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (631KB) ( )   Discussion on the yield formation characteristics and suitable planting density of machine transplanted rice under wide-narrow row（narrow row spacing is 20 cm, and wide rows spacing are 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 45 cm and 50 cm respectively） method, the equal row（spacing is 30 cm） method as the control. The results showed that, compared with CK, the yield of wide-narrow row method increased by 1.1%~6.5% under suitable wide row range, the reason for the increase of yield were the total spikelets increased, rice population structure optimized and photosynthetic production and transportation during grain-filling phase improved. Wide row spacing of 40~45 cm and narrow row spacing of 20 cm is the optimal density to achieve high yield.

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Analysis on Yield Components and High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of D you 3138 2016, 22(6): 102-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (422KB) ( )   The correlation analysis and path analysis were carried out on the yield and yield components of D you 3138 in regional test and production test from 2011 to 2013. The results showed that 1 000 grain weight has the maximum stability and minimum direct contribution to yield; the effective panicle number has medium stability and maximum direct contribution to yield; the fluctuation of grain number per panicle is relatively large; the direct path coefficients of the three yield components to yield did not reach the significant level. In actual production to reach high yield potential, the key is increase the number of basic seedling, improve the effective panicle number, take account of seed setting rate, grain number per panicle and 1 000 grain weight, coordinating the relationship of three yield components, finally could achieve big panicle, enough panicle, and ensure the high production capacity.

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Breeding and Application of Sidao 15 with High Yield, Fine Quality and Strong Disease Resistance 2016, 22(6): 105-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (293KB) ( )   Sidao 15 is a new japonica medium maturity rice variety with high yield, fine quality, strong disease resistance and short growth period, which bred by Suqian Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Variety Approval Committee in May 2016. The breeding procedure, characteristics and high yield cultivation techniques of Sidao 15 were introduced in this paper.

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High Yield and Precise Quantitative Cultivation Techniques of Machine-transplanted rice Nangeng 46 2016, 22(6): 107-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (457KB) ( )   Nangeng 46 is a high yield and good quality rice variety. Cultivating 15~20 d seedling age, 3.5 leaf age, the roots firmly and above 10 roots per plant are the basises for high yield cultivation of machine transplanted rice. The standard of transplanting depth, transplanting spacing, basic seedling number per hectare are the key technical indicators of precise quantitative cultivation. According to the production target, combining with the principle of formula fertilization and doing a good job on fertilizer and water application in the whole growth period, can effectively improve the effective tillering rates of Nangeng 46, the effective panicles can reach 2.17×105/667 m2, the seed setting rate of 89.4%, and achieve the yield of 600 kg/667 m2.

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Status and Suggestions of Rice Production in Trinidad and Tobago 2016, 22(6): 110-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.027 Abstract ( )   PDF (300KB) ( )   The status of rice production in Trinidad and Tobago are summarized. The primary problem in rice production was concluded by investigation and analysis. Finally, the development countermeasures were put forward. First, irrigation system should be built. Second, planting methods should be changed. Third, the methods of fertilizing and watering should be scientific. Fourth, mechanization should be promoted. The above mentioned suggestions might provide reference on rice production cooperation between China and Trinidad and Tobago.

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Preliminary Study on Fine Quality Rice Production of Qujing City 2016, 22(6): 112-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2016.06.028 Abstract ( )   PDF (396KB) ( )   The development status and existing problems of fine quality rice industrialization in Qujing City were analyzed. According to the climate characteristic and mainly production advantage of fine quality rice industrialization of Qujing City, the development ways and countermeasures were put forward in this paper.