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20 November 2025, Volume 31 Issue 6 Previous Issue   
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Large-area Increase in Rice Yield & Efficiency
Special Thesis & Basic Research
Varieties & Technology
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Large-area Increase in Rice Yield & Efficiency

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Challenges and Reflections Suggestions on Large-Scale Yield Improvement of Rice in China FENG Yupeng, HE Juan, LIANG Jian, LIU Akang, CHEN Danyang, WAN Kejiang 2025, 31(6): 1-3.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (501KB) ( )   The Chinese government has consistently placed food security work at a strategic height in national development, attaching great importance to it and continuously advancing relevant efforts. Rice, as a crucial staple food crop in China, enhancing its per-unit yield is a key measure to ensure the absolute security of the country’s staple food supply. From a global perspective, China’s rice yield per unit area is relatively high, so this also means there is a lack of readily applicable successful experiences and mature practices from other countries to borrow. Meanwhile, China’s rice production is confronted with numerous practical challenges. On one hand, there are significant differences in yield per unit area among different rice-growing regions, and the yield potential in some regions has not been fully tapped. On the other hand, extreme climate events have become more frequent in recent years. Natural disasters such as droughts, floods, and high-temperature heat damage have severely impacted rice growth, further increasing the difficulty of improving per-unit yield. In response to the various factors restricting the enhancement of rice yield per unit area over large areas in China, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the feasibility and potential opportunities for improving China’s rice yield per unit area. Based on this, it further explores the technical challenges faced in the process of promoting yield improvement in different rice-growing regions, clarifies the key tasks for each region, and elaborates in detail on the supporting service tasks that go along with them. The aim is to provide comprehensive, scientific, and targeted guidance and references for enhancing rice yield per unit area over large areas in China.

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Rice Yield and Efficiency Large-Scale Improvement Technologies Integration Innovation and Application——Taking Guangde as an Example WANG Yaliang, ZHU Defeng, SHEN Hongfang, WAN Kejiang, ZHU Hui, ZHANG Junhua, WANG Danying, FU Guanfu, WAN Pinjun, TANG Wei, CHEN Huizhe, LI Chunsheng, XU Shuren 2025, 31(6): 4-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (626KB) ( )   In response to the current bottleneck in large-scale yield improvement of rice in China, the China National Rice Research Institute has closely aligned with the strategy of “storing grain through technology” and systematically carried out technology integration and demonstration for enhancing rice yield and efficiency over large areas, using the “county-wide initiative” promotion as a leverage point. During the course of this work, we have integrated and innovated a comprehensive, all-element technological integration model termed “precision drilling for strong seedling cultivation and fixed-rate mechanical transplanting”. This model is founded on the selection of high-quality and high-yield rice varieties, with precision drilling for robust seedling cultivation and quantitative mechanical transplanting of basic seedling numbers as its core technologies. It is supplemented by a series of supporting technologies, including the construction of fertile plow layers, precision and efficient fertilization, scientific matching of irrigation and drainage facilities, and comprehensive pest and disease control. In 2025, large-scale field trials conducted in Guangde City, Anhui Province, demonstrated a significant yield increase of over 20% in the 10,000-mu(667 m2) demonstration plots through the extensive promotion of indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties and precision drilling-strong seedling mechanical transplanting techniques. The study further confirms that timely variety updates and integrated technology applications are effective means to drive large-scale yield and efficiency improvements. However, issues such as the improvement of medium- and low-yielding fields, effective disease control in certain regions, scientific management of weeds in direct-seeded rice, and the high cost of mechanical transplanting faced by small-scale farmers remain to be addressed. In the future, it is necessary to further refine the socialized service system, implement supporting measures for the improvement of medium- and low-yielding fields, and integrate high-yield technologies for different planting methods to promote a comprehensive increase in large-scale rice yields.

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County-wide Promotion Path Exploration on Improving Rice Yield in Donggang City CHEN Ying, DU Ping, BAO Kaijun, GONG Diankai, YU Guangxing, LI Rui, DAI Guijin, LIU Xianping, ZHENG Wenjing 2025, 31(6): 9-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (487KB) ( )   Donggang City is a core production area for high-quality rice in China’s Yellow Sea rice-growing region. The rice-planting area remains stable at around 43,000 hectares, with an annual rice yield of approximately 350,000 tons. In recent years, the growth in rice yield per unit area in Donggang City has stagnated, and efforts to increase the yield per unit area have encountered bottlenecks. From the perspective of achieving large-scale yield enhancement on a county-wide basis, this paper delves into the pathways for improving rice yield per unit area: optimizing the variety structure by breeding rice varieties with “high yield+high quality+multiple resistances”; intensifying policy support, conducting technological research, and vigorously promoting factory-based seedling cultivation; constructing a pest and disease control system featuring “precise monitoring and early warning, green control technologies, and professional operation services”; and promoting land circulation to drive large-scale and standardized production. This paper aims to explore a synergistic development pathway integrating “greenness, high yield, high quality, and industrialization”, providing solid scientific and technological support for enhancing rice supply security capabilities.

Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Quality Analysis of Leading Rice Varieties in Major Production Areas of China HU Xianqiao, LU Lin, FU Yuanmiao, JIANG Huiping, SHAN Yue, CHEN Mingxue, DING Liqun 2025, 31(6): 12-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (921KB) ( )   To comprehensively and scientifically understand the quality status of the leading rice varieties in China, this study collected 72 rice samples that were predominantly cultivated in 14 provinces in 2023. It analyzed and compared the differences in processing quality, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, pasting characteristics, and nutritional quality among Northeastern japonica, Southern japonica, Yangtze River Basin indica, Southeastern Coastal indica, and Southeastern Coastal early indica rice. Northeastern japonica rice were dominated by short-grain and medium-grain varieties, Southern japonica rice were dominated by short-grain varieties, Yangtze River Basin indica rice and Southeast Coastal indica rice were dominated by long-grain varieties, and Southeast Coastal early indica rice were all medium-grain varieties. The processing quality of japonica rice was significantly better than that of indica rice, and better than that of early indica rice. Northeastern japonica rice, Southeast Coastal indica rice and Yangtze River Basin indica rice had good appearance quality, while Southeast Coastal Early indica rice and Southern japonica rice had high chalkiness, poor transparency, and relatively poor appearance quality. Except for Southeast Coastal early indica rice, other types of leading varieties had good cooking and eating quality, with a high quality rate of more than 90.0%. Southeast Coastal early indica rice had high amylose content, met the requirements of special rice for rice noodles, and had good processing use. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice had lower cool gel viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and consistency viscosity, indicating that the cooked rice would be softer, more elastic and chewy, and the texture of cold rice was softer. Compared with the Northeastern japonica rice, the Southern japonica rice had lower cool gel viscosity, setback value viscosity and consistency viscosity, and higher breakdown viscosity, indicating that the cooked rice would be softer and more viscous, but less elastic than that of Northeastern japonica rice, and the texture of cold rice would be softer; the Southeastern Coastal early indica rice possessed the highest peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity, setback viscosity and consistency viscosity, and lowest breakdown viscosity, indicating that it had a firm and coarse texture of cooked rice and hard texture of cold rice, but contained starch resistant to degradation, making it highly suitable for processing into products such as rice noodles; no significant difference was observed in the pasting characteristics between Yangtze River Basin indica rice and the Southeast Coastal indica rice. Overall, all the leading rice varieties showed excellent cooking edible quality or processing quality.

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Comparison on Digestion Properties of Cooked Rice of Early- and Late-season Rice Varieties LI Li, HU Liqin, Deng Qichang, CAO Wei, CAO Fangbo, CHEN Jiana, HUANG Min 2025, 31(6): 20-24.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (513KB) ( )

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Research Progress on Breeding of Sterile Lines in Japonica Rice in China FANG Zuan, WU Shangshang, YANG Renyuan, CHEN Peng, CHEN Mengjie, ZHAI Rongrong, YE Jing, WU Mingming, YE Shenghai 2025, 31(6): 25-32.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1001KB) ( )   Based on the data on japonica rice sterile lines collected by the National Rice Data Center, a comprehensive statistical analysis has been conducted on the number, stigma exposure rate, outcrossing rate, and rice quality of approved japonica rice sterile lines in China over the past 20 years. Through systematic organization of these data, a summary of the current status of breeding, as well as the application of japonica rice sterile lines in China, has been presented. Furthermore, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the issues encountered in the breeding and application processes of japonica rice sterile lines, and proposes targeted breeding strategies accordingly. The research results revealed that, in terms of the number of approved japonica rice sterile lines, BT-type sterile lines occupy a dominant position; among the types of abortion in japonica rice sterile lines, chromosomal abortion is predominant; and there was still room for further improvement in the quality and outcrossing rate of japonica rice sterile lines.

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Progress on the Mechanism of Metal Element Transport and Related Transport Proteins in Rice WEN Xuan, LIU Tengfei, HU Wenbin, ZHOU Zheng, LIU Ye, HE Jiwai, ZHANG Haiqing, ZHAO Zhenghong 2025, 31(6): 33-45.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1173KB) ( )   Zinc, iron, manganese, and copper are indispensable metal elements in plants and play a wide and crucial role throughout the plant’s life cycle. While absorbing these essential metal elements, plants may also absorb some heavy metal elements that are harmful to them, such as cadmium. Cadmium often invades plant bodies by utilizing the transport pathways of essential elements such as iron, zinc, and manganese. It is easy to be transferred within plants and exhibits its toxicity by occupying the functional sites of essential elements in proteins, therefore it is considered a representative element for studying the absorption and transport patterns of non-essential elements in plants. Studying the molecular mechanisms of rice absorbing and transporting essential metal elements (such as zinc and iron) under conditions of excessive cadmium content is of great significance for cultivating rice varieties that are both rich in high-nutrient elements such as zinc and iron and have low cadmium accumulation. In this paper, we reviewed the effects of essential and non essential metal elements on the rice growth and development, and the mechanisms of absorption and transpotation of metal elements by rice(concluding transport proteins), and comprehensively summarized the relevant genes that plays a crucial role in the absorption and transport of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Cd in rice, aiming to provide some references for cloning and utilizing these genes.

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Patterns of Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Nutrient Absorption in Double-cropping Rice Varieties in Hubei Province LIU Xiaoge, WANG Yang, DAI Zhigang, WANG Benfu, LI Xiaokun 2025, 31(6): 46-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (954KB) ( )   Using five early-season rice varieties (Liangyou 302, Liangyou 287, Ezao 18, Ezao 17, and Liangyou 6) and five late-season rice varieties (Tyou 180, Huanghuazhan, Fengyuanyou 299, Tianyouhuazhan, and Liangyou 33) as test materials, field experiments were conducted in Zhougan Village, Dajin Town, Wuxue City, Hubei Province, in 2022. By measuring the dry matter mass and the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients at key growth stages of each variety, and employing the Logistic equation y=K/(1+ae-bt) to model the dry matter accumulation process in rice, we analyzed the patterns of dry matter accumulation and N, P, and K nutrient uptake in early-and late-season rice varieties, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and rational fertilization of double-cropping rice in Hubei Province. The results revealed that, in terms of dry matter accumulation, both early-and late-season rice exhibited a “slow-fast-slow” growth trend in total dry matter accumulation, with the rapid accumulation phases occurring from 59 to 95 days (lasting 36 days) and from 28 to 73 days (lasting 45 days) after transplanting, respectively. The dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves initially increased and then decreased, while that in panicles showed a continuous upward trend. Regarding nutrient uptake, the total N accumulation in both early- and late-season rice showed a continuous increase; during the rapid accumulation phase, early-season rice accumulated 52.7% of its maximum N accumulation, compared to 76.9% for late-season rice. The total accumulation of P and K initially increased and then decreased. At harvest, the N and P content in the panicles of early-season rice accounted for 63.8% and 73.9% of the total, respectively, while K content in the stems accounted for 72.8% of the total. For late-season rice, the N and P content in the panicles accounted for 69.7% and 76.2% of the total, respectively, and K content in the stems accounted for 68.6% of the total. The yield measurement results showed that the average yield of late-season rice was 7,924.6 kg/hm2, representing a 24.2% increase compared to early-season rice (6,381.5 kg/hm2). To produce 100 kg of rice grain, early-season rice required the uptake of 1.9-2.0 kg of N, 0.9-1.2 kg of P2O5, and 2.5-2.9 kg of K2O, while late-season rice required 1.5-1.8 kg of N, 0.7-1.0 kg of P2O5, and 1.6-2.1 kg of K2O. In conclusion, there are significant differences in dry matter accumulation and N, P, and K nutrient requirements between early- and late-season rice at different growth stages. In practical fertilization, the ratios of N, P, and K in fertilizers for early- and late-season rice should be adjusted to formulate targeted fertilization strategies, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, and maximize the yield and economic benefits of double-cropping rice.

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Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in the Erhai Lake Region TAN Yujiao, WANG Haojun, ZHANG Shuntao, WANG Ting, TAN Yulong, LI Pengli, BAI Jianguo, TANG Wei, LV Shihua, ZHANG Fusuo, XU Jiuliang 2025, 31(6): 55-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1307KB) ( )   Plastic film mulching is a key technique for enhancing rice yield and production efficiency in regions with low temperatures and drought conditions. Investigating the impacts of plastic film mulching and fertilizer application rates on rice yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) holds significant implications for driving innovation in rice cultivation practices and formulating scientific fertilization strategies in the Erhai Lake Basin, which is a high-altitude rice-growing area. In 2023, an experiment was conducted, involving two planting modes(CT, conventional tillage; PM, plastic film mulching, and three nitrogen fertilizer gradients (N0, no nitrogen application; N90, 90 kg N/hm2; N135, 135 kg N/hm2). The study systematically compared the effects of these treatments on rice yield and its components, the dynamics of dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and translocation characteristics, and NUE. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application significantly promoted the relative tillering rate during the early tillering stage. Meanwhile, it accelerated the maximum accumulation rates of dry matter and nitrogen. This effect further led to a significant increase in the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen at maturity (with increases of 105.2%-119.0% and 70.0%-97.2% under the CT mode, respectively, and 142.0%-144.1% and 151.6%-179.8% under the PM mode, respectively), as well as an enhancement in rice yield (with increases of 50.0%-72.0% under the CT mode and 48.8%-50.0% under the PM mode). Under the CT mode, nitrogen application primarily increased yield by augmenting the number of grains per panicle, whereas under the PM mode, it increased yield mainly by elevating the number of effective panicles per unit area (P<0.05). However, nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in a decrease in NUE (with reductions of 14.9%-16.0% under the CT mode and 42.0%-46.2% under the PM mode). Compared with the CT mode, plastic film mulching significantly elevated the soil temperature in the 0-20 cm soil layer by 0.8 ℃ within one month after rice transplantation, enhanced the relative tillering rate during the early tillering stage by 50.9%, and raised the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen at maturity by 49.0% and 92.3%, ultimately the rice yield significant increased by 55.0%. Under the same nitrogen application level, compared with the CT mode, the PM mode significantly increased in NUE, as evidenced by increases in nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) of 43.3%-62.4%, nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) of 15.2%-60.8%, and nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE) of 174.4%-219.9%. Based on the findings of this study, under the cultivation conditions in the Erhai Lake Basin, applying nitrogen fertilizer at a rate exceeding 135 kg/hm2 in the CT mode can achieve relatively high rice yields. In contrast, in the PM mode, applying nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 90 kg/hm2 can not only realize high rice yields but also effectively improve NUE.

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Screening and Evaluation of Mechanically Harvested Ratoon Rice Varieties in Jiangxi Province ZHANG Meiwei, PAN Junfeng, SUN Hua, WU Xiaofei, YANG Yuchun, HU Yifan, XIA Li, SONG Hongbin, YU Xiaoyun, DENG Zhibin, XIA Jing 2025, 31(6): 66-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (871KB) ( )   To identify high-yielding ratoon rice varieties suitable for mechanized production in Jiangxi Province, a field trial was conducted in 2024 at the Yujiang Experimental Base of the Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources. The growth period, yield potential, regeneration power, and mechanical rolling resistance of 13 rice varieties were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that: (1) the total growth period of the main crop ranged from 134 to 139 days, with the ratoon crop lasting 69 to 80 days, resulting in a combined growing period of 206 to 215 days; (2) the main crop yields were 362.8-574.9 kg/667 m2, ratoon crop yields were 222.9-450.3 kg/667 m2, and total two-season yields 621.3-974.9 kg/667 m2; (3) the regeneration force coefficient ranged from 0.54 to 1.09, and the mechanical rolling resistance ranged from 1.3% to 40.6%. A comprehensive evaluation revealed that Weiliangyou 8612 exhibited high total yield, strong regeneration power, and good performance in mechanical rolling resistance, making it well-suited for widespread mechanized ratoon rice cultivation. Hangliangyou 1378, Hanliangyou 8208, and Hanyou 3015 demonstrated strong regeneration power and good performance in mechanical rolling resistance but relatively lower yields, whereas Yongyou 4949, Chenliangyou Feizhan, and Weiliangyou 7713 achieved higher yields but weaker mechanical rolling resistance, so the cultivation technology of these varieties in ratoon rice production should be strengthened.

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Analysis of Rice Breeding Objectives, Traits, and Development Trends in Jilin Province ——Based on Questionnaire Survey Data from Frontline Personnel in Rice Genetic Breeding in Jilin HE Bing, WANG Xiaohang, LI Chao, FU Lianshuo, ZHANG Minglei, ZHANG Qiang, HAN Kangshun, CHEN Dianyuan, WANG Shuai 2025, 31(6): 72-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (713KB) ( )   Through questionnaires, extensive information was collected from frontline rice genetic breeding professionals in Jilin Province, covering various aspects such as rice breeding objectives, agronomic traits, and breeding methods. Based on this information, an in-depth analysis of the future development trends in rice variety breeding in Jilin Province was conducted. The analysis results indicated that while rice yield remain the primary breeding objective, the improvement of rice quality and resistance to pests and diseases have increasingly become key areas of focus in breeding efforts. In terms of rice agronomic traits, the ideal data includes a plant height of 100-105 cm, a panicle length of 18-20 cm, 140-160 grains per panicle, and a 1000-grain weight of 22-24 g. Future breeding trends will likely exhibit shorter plant heights, coupled with increased panicle lengths and grains per panicle. From the perspective of grain shape, the industrial layout should prioritize short-grain rice, whereas market consumption preferences lean towards medium to long-grain rice. In terms of breeding methods, the combination of conventional and molecular breeding is favored, and new technologies such as molecular marker-assisted selection and genetic markers have also garnered significant attention. However, regarding emerging areas like transgenic breeding and functional rice breeding, most survey respondents remain conservative. Looking ahead, rice breeding in Jilin should be led by cooperation between enterprises and institutions, with a focus on quality improvement, green and efficient practices, and technological innovation.

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Quality Characteristics and Differences in Planting Regions of Typical Green-labelled Japonica Rice in Jiangsu Province HE Xin, ZHANG Liping, ZHAO Chunfang, ZHU Hong, LU Haiyan, LIU Xianjin, XU Chongxin, ZHANG Xiao, XIE Yajing, HANG Xiangrong 2025, 31(6): 78-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (776KB) ( )   To thoroughly investigate the effects of certification status and planting regions on the quality of japonica rice in Jiangsu Province, this study selected Nangeng 46 and Nangeng 9108, which were cultivated under both green certification and conventional planting methods, as the research objects. Samples were collected from the rice-growing regions of Southern Jiangsu, Central Jiangsu, and Northern Jiangsu, respectively. The principal component analysis method was employed to assess and evaluate the appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, as well as nutritional quality of the rice. The research results indicated that the protein content of green-certified Nangeng 46 and Nangeng 9108 decreased by 14.5% and 6.1% compared with that of rice grown under conventional methods, respectively. The planting region had a highly significant impact on the amylose content of japonica rice. For instance, the amylose content of Nangeng 46 planted in Southern Jiangsu increased by 12.9% compared with that in Central Jiangsu; the amylose content of Nangeng 9108 planted in Central Jiangsu increased by 7.6% compared with that in Northern Jiangsu(P<0.01). In terms of amino acid and beneficial mineral content, there were no significant differences among certification status, planting regions, and rice varieties. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the quality of green-certified japonica rice had stronger regional specificity. In Southern Jiangsu, the protein content of green-certified Nangeng 46 decreased by 20.7% compared with Nangeng 46 grown under conventional methods, but its taste value increased by 16.0%; in central Jiangsu, the chalkiness degree of green-certified Nangeng 9108 decreased by 13.5% compared with Nangeng 9108 grown under conventional methods. The findings of this study provide valuable reference for the high- quality development of the green rice industry.

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Strategies for High-Quality Development of Rice Seed Industry in Jiangxi Province WU Haiyan, XU Zhiliang, HE Junhai 2025, 31(6): 85-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (784KB) ( )   Seed is the “chips” of agricultural production, serve as both the strategic cornerstone for fortifying national food security and the core lever for implementing the strategy of “storing grain through technology”. Jiangxi Province is a major grain producing region and and a leading area for double-cropping rice cultivation in China, achieved a total rice output of 20.66 billion kilograms in 2024, accounting for approximately 10.0% of the national total rice output, thereby making significant contributions to safeguarding national food security. However, the development of the rice seed industry in Jiangxi Province still faces several challenges, including weak market competitiveness among seed enterprises, insufficient in-depth exploitation of local germplasm resources, a lack of original innovation capabilities in cutting-edge breeding technologies, an incomplete seed industry chain support system, and the need to enhance the precision of financial support policies. To address these issues and achieve high-quality development of the rice seed industry, measures such as “strengthening the protection of germplasm resources and fully tapping beneficial genes”, “intensifying scientific research efforts to enhance independent innovation capabilities”, “supporting promising seed enterprises to cultivate leading players in Jiangxi’s seed industry”, and “increasing law enforcement efforts to improve the seed industry support system” have been proposed.

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Cumulative Dietary Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Zhejiang Province WANG Hengheng, ZHANG Yan, GUAN Meiyan, LIN Xiaoyan, CHEN Mingxue, CAO Zhenzhen 2025, 31(6): 91-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1209KB) ( )   To accurately assess the pesticide residue levels in rice from Zhejiang Province and their potential dietary risks to the population, 1 095 rice samples were collected from the main rice-producing areas of Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2022. These samples were tested and analyzed for 55 monitored pesticides. The chronic and acute dietary intake risks associated with pesticide residues in rice consumption were assessed using the %ADI (acceptable daily intake percentage) and %ARfD (acute reference dose percentage) approaches. Additionally, the risk ranking matrix of the United Kingdom's Veterinary Residues Committee was referenced to classify the detected pesticides into different risk levels. The results revealed that 342 out of 1 095 samples tested positive for pesticide residues, with a detection rate of 31.23%. Among these, 16 samples exceeded the maximum residue limits, representing an exceedance rate of 1.41%. Out of the 55 pesticides tested, 38 were detected for residues, with 5 exceeding standard levels. The detection rates of chlorpyrifos (7.40%), tebuconazole (6.76%), and dinotefuran (5.39%) ranked among the top three, while triadimenol (0.64%), fenobucarb (0.46%), and triazophos (0.18%) had higher exceedance rates. Furthermore, mixed contamination with more than two types of pesticides was found in 11.78% of the samples. Based on the residue risk scores, the detected pesticides were categorized into three groups: high risk (8 pesticides), medium risk (7 pesticides), and low risk (19 pesticides). The %ADI and %ARfD values for children and adults ranged from 0.001% to 2.751% and from 0.002% to 14.681%, with averages of 0.204% and 0.901%, respectively. These values were well below 100%, indicating that the dietary intake risks are within an acceptable range. To further evaluate the cumulative risks of different pesticide components, the cumulative chronic (%ADIc) and acute risks (%ARfDc) of dietary exposure to organophosphates, triazoles, nicotines and carbamates in rice consumption were assessed based on the relative potency factor (RPF) approach. For children and adults, the cumulative chronic risks ranged from 0.02% to 8.61%, and the cumulative acute risks ranged from 0.04% to 50.71%, respectively. These values were all less than 100%, indicating that the overall dietary intake risks are controllable. It is noteworthy that the cumulative acute dietary intake risk of organophosphates is significantly higher than that of other pesticide categories, and therefore, it is essential to strengthen the regulation of organophosphates such as triazophos and chlorpyrifos. This study provides solid data support and a reference basis for rational drug use guidance and quality safety supervision in rice production in Zhejiang Province.

Varieties & Technology

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Molecular Marker-assisted Improvement of Jiabare for Enhancing Resistance to Rice Blast and Bacterial Leaf Blight Zhaxiluobu , Guoluozhuoma , Yangzong , Jiumei , Sangjieluobu , PENG Hong, XIE Huabin, LI Jiayang, CHEN Chun, WANG Jiafeng 2025, 31(6): 102-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (801KB) ( )   To improve the resistance of the rice variety Jiabare from Motuo, to rice blast and bacterial leaf blight, molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) technology was employed. Through hybridization, backcrossing, selfing, and integration with MAS technology, the rice blast resistance genes Pik-H4, Pita, Pi2, and the bacterial leaf blight resistance gene Xa23 carried by the donor parent H437 were introduced into Jiabare, three improved lines, designated as L1, L2, and L3, were successfully obtained. Disease resistance evaluation results indicated that the resistance of these three improved lines to both rice blast and bacterial leaf blight was significantly enhanced, with their resistance levels markedly superior to that of the highly susceptible variety Jiabare. In terms of agronomic traits, except for the significantly lower plant height of L2 (162.3 cm) compared to Jiabare (166.7 cm), the other agronomic traits of the improved lines showed no significant differences from those of Jiabare. Regarding quality traits, indicators such as brown rice rate, head rice rate, and amylose content of the improved lines were basically consistent with those of Jiabare. This study demonstrates that the aggregation of multiple broad-spectrum resistance genes using MAS technology can directionally enhance the resistance of Jiabare to rice blast and bacterial leaf blight. This research outcome provides practical and effective strategies for the disease-resistant improvement and industrial application of rice varieties in Xizang regions.

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Effects of the “Greenhouse Tomato-Single Season Rice” Rotation Model on Soil Properties and Rice Growth and Yields MAO Xiaomei, XUE Meiqin, ZHU Lijing, YANG Jian 2025, 31(6): 109-112.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (615KB) ( )   The vegetable-rice rotation model is an efficient and ecological planting pattern that enables the dual harvest of grain and cash crops. This study takes tomato as the research object, conducting an in-depth comparison of the impacts of two different rotation models, namely “greenhouse tomato-single-season rice” and “greenhouse tomato-Chinese cabbage” on soil properties, tomato growth conditions, and production benefits, and the effects of the “greenhouse tomato-single-season rice” rotation model on rice growth and yield. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the “greenhouse vegetable-rice” model, which stabilizes grain production and enhances efficiency. The results indicated that the “greenhouse tomato-single-season rice” rotation model reduced the content of readily available potassium and available phosphorus in the soil. This effectively alleviated soil acidification, improved the soil’s physicochemical properties and microbial community structure, and thereby promoted soil health and crop growth. Under this rotation model, it is recommended to select early-maturing rice varieties with a short growth period, excellent quality, and strong disease resistance, and sow them directly before July 15. Under these conditions, the yield of conventional rice can be stably maintained at over 364.84 kg/667 m2. Although hybrid japonica rice yields higher than conventional japonica rice, it is more prone to false smut. After rotation, the growth vigor of tomato was significantly enhanced, with a yield reached 3,546.75 kg/667 m2. Compared with the “greenhouse tomato- Chinese cabbage” model, this model increased yield of 309.81 kg/667 m2, resulting in an additional income of 602.00 ￥ /667 m2. In summary, the “greenhouse tomato- single-season rice” rotation model not only significantly improves economic benefits but also avoids the conflict between grain and cash crops competing for land. It is conducive to the sustainable development of the facility vegetable industry and the grain industry, demonstrating good potential for promotion.

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Rice Variety Selection and Key Techniques for Shrimp-Rice Co-cultivation XU Jianhua, GUO Jing 2025, 31(6): 113-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (417KB) ( )   In 2024, we conducted screening trials on 24 rice varieties under the shrimp-rice co-cultivation model, focusing on evaluating the growth duration, yield, and resistance performance of each variety. The results showed that the unit yield of the tested varieties ranged from 421.6 to 696.7 kg/667 m2, and the growth duration ranged from 108 to 136 days. Overall, the tested varieties exhibited good performance in terms of lodging resistance and disease resistance. After a comprehensive consideration of the yield, growth duration, and resistance performance of each variety, we believe that Quanliangyou 607, with its high yield but relatively long growth duration, is suitable for early planting under the local shrimp-rice co-cultivation model; while Hualiangyou 919, Bangliangyou 6118, and Wanliangyou 88, which have relatively high yields and shorter growth durations and show excellent overall performance, are suitable for planting as post-shrimp-harvest rice; and Xiadao 1, with the shortest growth duration, is suitable for planting in areas with special requirements for growth duration. The findings of this study hold significant reference value for the variety layout and promotion of rice under the shrimp-rice co-cultivation model in Xiantao City.

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Research of High Quality and High Efficiency Cultivation Technique and Industrialization Development of Jiaheyou 7245 GU Tianfei, ZHOU Naidi, YING Junjie, TANG Sizhong, HE Haohao, CHEN Huizhe, SHEN Xihong, ZHU Guiping 2025, 31(6): 117-120.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (539KB) ( )   Jiaheyou 7245 is a new three-line hybrid rice variety developed by China National Rice Research Institute, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences crossed Jiahe 212A and Zhonghui 7245. This variety boasts features such as an ideal plant type, large panicles with heavy grains, high yield, superior grain quality, and strong disease resistance. It is suitable for cultivation as mid- or late-season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. After five years of trial planting and demonstration, Jiaheyou 7245 has proven to combine both high yield and superior grain quality achieving a yield of 800.0 kg/667 m2 in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province. It has won the Gold Award for “Good Rice” in Zhejiang Province and Taizhou City on multiple occasions. This variety can enhance the planting benefits and income of grain farmers and has high popularization value. This paper summarizes and analyzes the planting performance, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation techniques and its prospects for industrialization development.

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Research on Promoting the Inheritance and Development of Rice Farming Culture through the Protection of Rice Germplasm Resources: A Case Study of Agricultural Heritage Sites in Zhejiang Province ZHU Shanzi, GU Xingguo 2025, 31(6): 121-126.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (821KB) ( )   Germplasm resources and traditional culture are important components of agricultural cultural heritage. Zhejiang Province’s agricultural heritage sites preserve a rich and diverse array of traditional farmer-bred rice varieties. They are not only the “chips” of seed industry, but also the inheritance and continuation of agricultural culture, which plays a crucial role in promoting all -around rural revitalization. Based on a systematic analysis of the intrinsic connections between rice germplasm resources and traditional rice-growing culture, this paper conducts a comprehensive investigation into the current state of conservation of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province’s agricultural heritage sites. Through in-depth analysis, the primary challenges faced in the current conservation of rice germplasm resources are identified. Building on these findings, this paper proposes a series of targeted countermeasures and suggestions to facilitate the sustainable conservation and rational utilization of traditional rice germplasm resources, aiming to provide robust support for the inheritance and development of rice-growing culture.