盐胁迫下喷施外源γ-氨基丁酸对不同耐盐性水稻生长及产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究喷施外源γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）对不同耐盐性水稻品种产量及生理性状的影响，以耐盐品种连鉴5号和盐敏感品种连粳7号为试验材料，在0.2%（2 g/kg）的盐胁迫下，设置3个不同浓度的外源GABA喷施处理（50 μmol/L、100 μmol/L、150 μmol/L），以喷施清水为对照进行研究。结果表明，喷施外源GABA能减轻盐分对水稻生长的抑制作用，其中以150 μM的GABA喷施处理效果佳。与盐敏感品种相比，耐盐品种在喷施外源GABA后表现出更显著的改善效果，具体表现为叶面积更大，叶绿素a和b的含量、SPAD值及光合速率更高。此外，耐盐品种还表现出更高的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，更高的钾（K⁺）含量以及更低的钠（Na⁺）含量，同时内源GABA和脱落酸（ABA）含量也有所提升。综上所述，喷施外源GABA能够提高盐胁迫下耐盐水稻品种的内源GABA和ABA含量，从而保障了光合作用能力、抗氧化酶活性以及离子平衡，维持了水稻较佳的农艺性状，最终提升产量。

关键词: 水稻, 外源GABA, 盐胁迫, 农艺性状, 生理特性, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) spraying on the yield and physiological traits of different salt tolerance rice varieties, the salt-tolerant variety Lianjian 5 and the salt-sensitive variety Lianjing 7 were used as experimental materials. Under salt stress of 0.2% (2 g/kg), three different concentrations of exogenous GABA spraying treatments (50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L, and 150 μmol/L) were set, with water spraying as the control. The results showed that spraying exogenous GABA could alleviate the inhibitory effects of salt on rice growth, with the treatment of spraying with 150 μmol/L GABA showing the best effect. Compared with the salt-sensitive variety, the salt-tolerant variety showed more significant improvement after exogenous GABA spraying, characterized by larger leaf area, higher content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate. Additionally, salt-tolerant variety also exhibited higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD), higher potassium (K⁺) content, and lower sodium(Na⁺) content, while the contents of endogenous GABA and abscisic acid(ABA) also increased. In summary, spraying exogenous GABA can increase the content of endogenous GABA and ABA in salt tolerant rice varieties, thereby ensuring photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and ion balance, maintaining better agronomic traits, and ultimately increasing yield under salt-stress conditions.

Key words: rice, exogenous GABA, salt stress, agronomic traits, physiological traits, yield

中图分类号:

S511.05

束晨晨, 周天阳, 顾逸彪, 崔瑞龙, 刘畅, 顾骏飞. 盐胁迫下喷施外源γ-氨基丁酸对不同耐盐性水稻生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2025, 31(2): 35-42.

SHU Chenchen, ZHOU Tianyang, GU Yibiao, CUI Ruilong, LIU Chang, GU Junfei. Effects of Spraying Exogenous γ-aminobutyric Acid on Growth and Yield of Rice with Different Salt Tolerance under Salt Stress[J]. China Rice, 2025, 31(2): 35-42.

图/表 7

表1 盐胁迫下喷施外源GABA对不同水稻品种产量及构成因子的影响

表2 盐胁迫下喷施外源GABA对不同水稻品种干物质量、含水率和农艺性状的影响

图1 盐胁迫下喷施外源GABA对不同水稻品种叶片光合速率和SPAD值的影响图柱上不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理在0.05水平差异显著。下同。

图2 盐胁迫下喷施外源GABA对不同水稻品种叶绿素含量的影响

图3 盐胁迫下喷施外源GABA对不同水稻品种剑叶GABA和ABA含量的影响

图4 盐胁迫下喷施外源GABA对不同水稻品种抗氧化酶活性的影响

图5 盐胁迫下喷施外源GABA对不同水稻品种Na+、K+含量的影响

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