水稻内生微生物调控氮素吸收利用的机制解析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻产量的提升长期依赖大量施用氮肥，这不仅显著增加生产成本，还引发农田土壤退化、水体富营养化及生态环境恶化等一系列问题。水稻内生微生物作为一类重要的新型生物资源，能够通过促进根系发育、调控氮代谢相关基因表达、分泌植物生长调节物质以及改善根际微环境等多种途径，显著提升水稻的氮素利用效率。深入解析水稻内生微生物与其氮素吸收利用之间的互作关系，不仅有助于推动农业可持续发展，也在实现水稻增产方面具有巨大潜力。本文系统综述了水稻内生微生物的传播机制、多样性特征及其生态功能，分析了影响内生菌群落结构的主要环境因素，重点阐释了水稻内生菌与氮素吸收利用的互作机理，探讨了利用内生固氮菌和高效促生菌提高氮素利用效率的潜在策略，并总结了当前研究中存在的主要问题，展望了未来研究方向，以期为开发环境友好型微生物肥料、实现水稻绿色高效生产提供理论依据。

关键词: 水稻, 内生菌, 促生作用, 氮素利用, 合成菌群

Abstract:

The increase in rice yield has long relied on the extensive application of nitrogen fertilizers, which not only significantly raises production costs but also triggers a series of environmental issues, including farm and soil degradation, water eutrophication, and ecological deterioration. As an important class of novel biological resources, rice endophytic microorganisms can markedly enhance nitrogen use efficiency through multiple mechanisms, such as promoting root development, regulating the expression of nitrogen metabolism-related genes, secreting plant growth regulators, and improving the rhizosphere microenvironment. In-depth analysis of the interactions between rice endophytic microorganisms and nitrogen uptake and utilization not only contributes to sustainable agricultural development but also holds great potential for increasing rice yields. This paper systematically reviews the transmission mechanisms, diversity characteristics, and ecological functions of rice endophytic microorganisms, analyzes key environmental factors influencing endophytic community structure, and elaborates on the interaction mechanisms between rice endophytes and nitrogen acquisition/utilization. It further explores potential strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency by harnessing endophytic diazotrophs and high-efficiency plant growth-promoting bacteria, summarizes current research challenges, and provides prospects for future studies. The aim is to offer a theoretical foundation for developing environmentally friendly microbial fertilizers and achieving green, high-efficiency rice production.

Key words: rice, endophytes, growth-promoting effects, nitrogen utilization, synthetic microbial communities

中图分类号:

S511

吴云峰, 刘元辉, 朱新霞, 廖雯丽, 陶怡, 朱均林, 王丹英, 吴文革. 水稻内生微生物调控氮素吸收利用的机制解析[J]. 中国稻米, 2026, 32(3): 32-40.

WU Yunfeng, LIU Yuanhui, ZHU Xinxia, LIAO Wenli, TAO Yi, ZHU Junlin, WANG Danying, WU Wenge. Mechanism Analysis of Endophytic Microorganisms Regulating Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Rice[J]. China Rice, 2026, 32(3): 32-40.

图/表 3

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