生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香稻米品质性状的影响及其与穗型指数的关系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨有机肥与氮肥不同配比对优质常规稻大粒香稻米品质性状和穗型指数的影响，并明确品质性状与穗型指数的关系，以大粒香为材料开展大田试验。试验设置不施肥（CK）、正常施氮肥（N）、生物有机肥30%替代氮肥（NF1）、生物有机肥50%替代氮肥（NF2）、生物有机肥70%替代氮肥（NF3）和100%施生物有机肥（F）6个处理。结果表明，生物有机肥配施氮肥对稻米品质影响显著，合理的配比能够极大提升稻米的加工、外观和营养品质，显著提高了稻米蛋白组分和氨基酸含量。NF1处理的糙米率、精米率和整精米率最高，垩白度最低；蛋白质含量低于N处理，但高于其他处理；NF3处理稻米峰值黏度、热浆黏度和冷胶黏度较高，消减值最低，淀粉RVA谱特征值显著优化。根据主成分分析结果，生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香稻米品质的影响可以通过前3个主成分来表征，其累计方差贡献率为85.10%。结合因子得分系数矩阵分析，精氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、精米清蛋白和糙米清蛋白这5个指标被确定为评价生物有机肥与氮肥配施处理后稻米品质的关键因素。此外，通过聚类分析将不同处理分为3类：第Ⅰ类包括NF2和NF3，其稻米综合品质最优；第Ⅱ类包括CK和NF1，稻米综合品质中等；第Ⅲ类仅包含F，稻米综合品质最差。相关性分析显示，穗型指数与糙米率、精米率和整精米率之间存在显著的正相关关系（P<0.05）。

关键词: 优质稻, 大粒香, 生物有机肥, 氮肥, 品质性状, 穗型指数

Abstract:

To explore the influence of different ratios of organic fertilizer to nitrogen fertilizer on the quality traits and panicle type index of high-quality conventional rice variety Dalixiang, and to clarify the relationship between quality traits and panicle type index(PTI), a field experiment was conducted using Dalixiang as the test material. The experiment included 6 treatments: no fertilization (CK), normal application of nitrogen fertilizer(N), 30% replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer(NF1), 50% replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer(NF2), 70% replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer (NF3), and 100% application of organic fertilizer (F). The research results showed that the combined application of biological organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced rice quality, with a reasonable ratio greatly improving processing, appearance and nutritional quality of rice, as well as significantly increasing protein components and amino acid content in rice. The NF1 treatment exhibited the highest brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate along with the lowest chalkiness degree; its protein content was lower than that of the N treatment but higher than that of other treatments. The NF3 treatment resulted in higher peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cold gel viscosity, along with the lowest setback value, significantly optimizing the starch RVA profile characteristics values. According to the results of principal component analysis, the influence of combined application of biological organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer on the quality of Dalixiang could be characterized by the first three principal components, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 85.10%. Combined with the analysis of the factor score coefficient matrix, five indicators namely arginine, phenylalanine, threonine, milled rice albumin and brown rice albumin, were determined as the key factors for evaluating the quality of rice after the combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, different treatments were divided into three categories through cluster analysis: Category Ⅰincluded NF2, NF3 and N, with the best comprehensive quality; Category Ⅱincluded CK and NF1, with medium comprehensive quality; Category Ⅲ only contained F, with the worst comprehensive quality. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between the panicle type index and brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate.

Key words: high-quality rice, Dalixiang, biological organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, quality traits, panicle type index

中图分类号:

S511.062

宫彦龙, 雷月, 王忠妮, 朱速松. 生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香稻米品质性状的影响及其与穗型指数的关系[J]. 中国稻米, 2026, 32(1): 55-63.

GONG Yanlong, LEI Yue, WANG Zhongni, ZHU Susong. Effects of Combined Application of Biological Organic Fertilizer and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Quality Traits of Dalixiang and Its Relationship with Panicle Type Index[J]. China Rice, 2026, 32(1): 55-63.

图/表 13

表1 不同施肥处理具体施肥量（单位：kg/667 m2）

图1 生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香加工品质的影响

图2 生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香垩白度的影响

图3 生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香蛋白质含量的影响

表2 生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香淀粉RVA谱特征值的影响

表3 生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香蛋白组分含量的影响（单位：g/100 g）

表4 生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香必需氨基酸含量的影响（单位：mg/g）

表5 生物有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香非必需氨基酸含量的影响（单位：mg/g）

图4 有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香穗型指数的影响

表6 主成分特征值、方差贡献率和累计贡献率

表7 因子得分与综合得分

图5 聚类分析树状图 a，R型聚类；b，Q型聚类。

图6 穗型指数与品质性状的相关性

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