探究不同生育时期施用硅肥对优质食味粳稻产量和品质的影响,可为优质食味粳稻合理施硅提供理论基础和技术支撑。以优质食味粳稻品种南粳9108为试验材料,以不施肥（CK1）和常规施肥（CK2）为对照,在常规施肥的基础上分别设置硅肥浸种（T1）、硅肥浸种+苗期喷施硅肥15 kg/hm²（T2）、硅肥浸种+拔节期喷施硅肥15 kg/hm²（T3）、硅肥浸种+抽穗期喷施硅肥15 kg/hm²（T4）、硅肥浸种+苗期20%、拔节期30%、抽穗期50%喷施硅肥15 kg/hm²（T5）、硅肥浸种+苗期1/3、拔节期1/3、抽穗期1/3喷施硅肥45 kg/hm²（T6）处理,比较不同施硅方式对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,T6处理产量最高,其次是T5、T4、T3处理,T1和T2处理产量较CK2增幅较小;不同硅肥处理单位面积穗数、每穗颖花数、千粒重和结实率较不施硅处理均有不同程度提高。施硅对产量构成因素的影响大小依次为每穗颖花数>单位面积穗数>千粒重>结实率,T3、T5和T6处理的单位面积穗数和每穗颖花数增幅较大。与CK2相比,T3、T4、T5和T6处理增加了水稻库容量、源强度及源库比,提高了糙米率、精米率和整精米率,同时降低了垩白粒率、垩白度及蛋白质含量。T6处理稻米的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度较CK2显著提高,而其他处理对稻米淀粉黏滞谱特性的影响不显著。主成分分析结果表明,不同硅肥处理对水稻产量和品质影响的大小依次为T6>T5>T4>T3>T2>T1。综合考虑硅肥投入、水稻产量及品质,在常规施肥加硅肥浸种基础上,优质食味粳稻推荐硅肥施用方式为：喷施量15 kg/hm²,苗期占20%、拔节期占30%、抽穗期占50%。

The aims of this study were to identify the effects of silicon fertilizer applied at different stages on yield and quality of rice, and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for rational application of silicon fertilizer on japonica rice cultivar with good eating quality. The field experiment was conducted using good eating quality japonica rice Nangeng 9108 as material. Eight silicon fertilizer treatments were set up: seed soaking with silicon （T1）, T1 plus 15 kg/hm² silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at seedling stage （T2）, T1 plus 15 kg/hm² silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at jointing stage （T3）, T1 plus 15 kg/hm² silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at heading stage （T4）, T1 plus 15 kg/hm² silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at three stages （20% at seedling stage, 30% at jointing stage and 50% at heading stage）（T5）, T1 plus 45 kg/hm² silicon fertilizer applied by foliar spray at three stages （1/3 at seedling stage, 1/3 at jointing stage and 1/3 at heading stage） （T6）. No fertilization （CK1） and conventional fertilization （CK2） were used as the control. The results showed that T6 treatment has the highest yield, followed by T5, T4, T3 treatment. The grain yield of T1 and T2 treatments increased slightly compared to CK2. The panicles number, spikelet number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of the silicon fertilizer treatments were improved to different degrees than no silicon fertilizer treatments. The effects of silicon fertilizer on yield components was in order of spikelet number per panicle > panicle number > 1000-grain weight > seed setting rate. Under different silicon fertilizer treatments, the effects of T3, T5, T6 treatments on spikelet number per panicle and panicle number were larger than those of T1, T2 and T4 treatments. Compared with CK2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 treatments increased sink potential, source strength and source-sink ratio, and increased the brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage and head rice percentage. Meanwhile, the chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree and protein content were also decreased. Compared with CK2, T6 treatment significantly increased peak viscosity, hot viscosity, break down and cool viscosity, while these indexes were insignificantly affected by other treatments. The principal component analysis results showed that the effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on rice yield and quality were in order of T6 > T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. Considering the silicon fertilizer input, yield and quality of rice, recommended silicon fertilizer application method for high-quality japonica rice was seed soaking with silicon plus spraying silicon fertilizer 15 kg/hm² at three stages （20% at seedling stage, 30% at jointing stage and 50% at heading stage）.