采用田间试验,研究了两种缓控释肥料施用对鄂北水稻产量和产量构成因子、养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响,比较了两种缓控释肥料不同用量施用效果的差异,以期为鄂北水稻生产中缓控释肥的合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明,施用缓控释肥料可显著提高水稻产量。与不施肥处理相比,施用掺混包膜型控释复合肥料处理水稻增产6.6%~17.3%,施用腐殖酸缓释型复合肥料处理水稻增产0.7%~11.9%;与习惯施肥处理相比,施用掺混包膜型控释复合肥料和腐殖酸缓释型复合肥料处理水稻分别增产8.4%、2.5%;各施肥处理水稻产量提高的主要原因是增加了有效穗数;与腐殖酸缓释型复合肥料相比,掺混包膜型控释复合肥料对水稻增产效果更明显。水稻产量与两种缓控释肥施用量均呈线性加平台关系。相同肥料用量条件下,掺混包膜型控释复合肥料处理水稻地上部N、P₂O₅和K₂O养分积累量明显高于腐殖酸缓释型复合肥料处理。随着施肥量的增加,两种缓控释肥的肥料回收利用率、肥料生理利用率、农学利用率和肥料贡献率均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,肥料偏生产力呈逐渐降低的趋势。综合考虑产量和肥料利用效率,鄂北水稻应优先选用掺混包膜型控释复合肥料,适宜施用量为450 kg/hm²,可获得稻谷产量11 420 kg/hm²。

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of the two types of controlled-release fertilizers with different dosages on rice yield, yield components, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization in northern Hubei, aiming to provide scientific basis and guidance for the reasonable application of controlled-release fertilizers. The results showed that application of controlled-release fertilizer could significantly increase rice yield. Compared with the treatment without fertilization, application of the mixed coated slow-release fertilizer （MCSF） and humic acid slow-release fertilizer （HASF） increased rice yield by 6.6%~17.3% and 0.7%~11.9%, respectively. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the yield of the MCSF and the HASF treatment increased by 8.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The increase of rice yield in fertilization treatments was mainly due to the increase of effective panicle number. In addition, the MCSF achieved higher yield increase rate than the HASF. The relationship between rice yield and the two kind of controlled-release fertilizer rate was linear-platform. Under the same fertilizer rate, the N, P₂O₅ and K₂O uptake in above ground of the MCSF was significantly higher than that of the HASF. With the increase of fertilizer amount, the apparent recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency, agronomic efficiency and fertilizer contribution rate of the two controlled-release fertilizers increased at first and then decreased, the partial factor productivity of fertilizer decreased gradually. Considering the yield and fertilizer use efficiency, we recommend that the mixed coated slow-release fertilizer should be preferred in the rice production in northern Hubei. The appropriate application amount was 450 kg/hm², and the rice yield reached 11 420 kg/hm².