中国稻米 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 103-108.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.021

• 品种与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于鄂北区域的两种水稻缓控释肥用量研究

何帅1, 汪本福2, 陈斌3, 陈超3, 赵永平3, 李小坤1,4,*()   

  1. 1华中农业大学 资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学 微量元素研究中心,武汉 430070
    2湖北省农业科学院 粮食作物研究所,武汉 430064
    3湖北省枣阳市农业技术推广中心,湖北 枣阳 441200
    4华中农业大学 双水双绿研究院,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-10 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-01-18
  • 通讯作者: 李小坤
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省农业科技创新项目-水稻“三优”科技创新;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2662018YJ026)

Study on the Dosage of Two Kinds of Controlled- Release Fertilizers for Rice in Northern Hubei Province

HE Shuai1, WANG Benfu2, CHEN Bin3, CHEN Chao3, ZHAO Yongping3, LI Xiaokun1,4,*()   

  1. 1Resources and Environment College, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation for Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River/Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
    2Food Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
    3Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zaoyang City, Zaoyang, Hubei 441200, China
    4Shuangshui Shuanglv Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2021-08-10 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-01-18
  • Contact: LI Xiaokun

摘要:

采用田间试验,研究了两种缓控释肥料施用对鄂北水稻产量和产量构成因子、养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响,比较了两种缓控释肥料不同用量施用效果的差异,以期为鄂北水稻生产中缓控释肥的合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明,施用缓控释肥料可显著提高水稻产量。与不施肥处理相比,施用掺混包膜型控释复合肥料处理水稻增产6.6%~17.3%,施用腐殖酸缓释型复合肥料处理水稻增产0.7%~11.9%;与习惯施肥处理相比,施用掺混包膜型控释复合肥料和腐殖酸缓释型复合肥料处理水稻分别增产8.4%、2.5%;各施肥处理水稻产量提高的主要原因是增加了有效穗数;与腐殖酸缓释型复合肥料相比,掺混包膜型控释复合肥料对水稻增产效果更明显。水稻产量与两种缓控释肥施用量均呈线性加平台关系。相同肥料用量条件下,掺混包膜型控释复合肥料处理水稻地上部N、P2O5和K2O养分积累量明显高于腐殖酸缓释型复合肥料处理。随着施肥量的增加,两种缓控释肥的肥料回收利用率、肥料生理利用率、农学利用率和肥料贡献率均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,肥料偏生产力呈逐渐降低的趋势。综合考虑产量和肥料利用效率,鄂北水稻应优先选用掺混包膜型控释复合肥料,适宜施用量为450 kg/hm2,可获得稻谷产量11 420 kg/hm2

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 缓控释肥, 肥料适宜用量, 肥料利用率, 鄂北

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of the two types of controlled-release fertilizers with different dosages on rice yield, yield components, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization in northern Hubei, aiming to provide scientific basis and guidance for the reasonable application of controlled-release fertilizers. The results showed that application of controlled-release fertilizer could significantly increase rice yield. Compared with the treatment without fertilization, application of the mixed coated slow-release fertilizer (MCSF) and humic acid slow-release fertilizer (HASF) increased rice yield by 6.6%~17.3% and 0.7%~11.9%, respectively. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the yield of the MCSF and the HASF treatment increased by 8.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The increase of rice yield in fertilization treatments was mainly due to the increase of effective panicle number. In addition, the MCSF achieved higher yield increase rate than the HASF. The relationship between rice yield and the two kind of controlled-release fertilizer rate was linear-platform. Under the same fertilizer rate, the N, P2O5 and K2O uptake in above ground of the MCSF was significantly higher than that of the HASF. With the increase of fertilizer amount, the apparent recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency, agronomic efficiency and fertilizer contribution rate of the two controlled-release fertilizers increased at first and then decreased, the partial factor productivity of fertilizer decreased gradually. Considering the yield and fertilizer use efficiency, we recommend that the mixed coated slow-release fertilizer should be preferred in the rice production in northern Hubei. The appropriate application amount was 450 kg/hm2, and the rice yield reached 11 420 kg/hm2.

Key words: rice, yield, controlled-release fertilizers, suitable dosage of fertilizer, fertilizer use efficiency, northern Hubei

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