为解决传统机插秧技术秧龄适应期短、栽插后秧苗植伤大等技术问题,突破双季稻区、稻麦轮作区和东北寒地稻区水稻发展的瓶颈,本项目开发了水稻大钵体毯状苗机械化育插秧技术。该技术充分发挥了水稻钵体苗栽培高产优质的农艺技术优势和机插秧高效精准机械化作业优势,集成创新了水稻大钵体毯状苗育秧盘、精准对位播种、秧期综合管理和高速机械栽插等关键技术。水稻大钵体毯状苗育秧盘突出了水稻钵苗的技术特点,创新了育秧盘结构,在低播量条件下所育秧苗上毯下钵,素质高,有效延长了秧苗适宜机插时间,减少了栽插时秧苗的根系损伤,栽插后几乎无缓苗期;2ZBL-400型水稻育秧生产线解决了低播量和精准对位育秧播种的难题;应用秧期综合管理技术培育合格秧苗是实现水稻大钵体毯状苗机插秧的关键,育秧方式采用旱育秧技术模式;水稻大钵体毯状苗在机插时要求插秧机进行按钵取苗,对现有插秧机的横向和纵向送秧机构进行简单的改进设计就可以满足水稻大钵体毯状苗机插秧的技术要求。该技术已经在全国水稻主产区进行了广泛试验和示范推广,具有缓解茬口紧张、降低生产风险、促进农药减施、增产效果明显等优点。该技术有效缓解了双季稻区、稻麦轮作区和东北寒地稻区机插秧造成的水稻生育期不足难题,为水稻机械化作业开拓了一条新的技术模式。

In order to solve the technical problems of traditional mechanical transplanting technology, such as short seedling age adaptation period and serious seedling injury after transplanting, and to break through the bottleneck of rice development in the double-cropping rice area, the rice wheat rotation area and the northeast cold rice area, this project had developed the mechanized seedling raising and transplanting technology of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. This technology gave full play to the agronomic technical advantages of high yield and fine quality of rice bowl seedling cultivation and the advantages of efficient and accurate mechanized operation of machine transplanting. It integrated and innovated the key techniques such as the large-bowl blanket seedling raising tray technology of rice, accurate aligned sowing technology, comprehensive management technology of seedling stage and high-speed mechanical transplanting technology. The large-bowl blanket seedling raising tray of rice highlighted the technical characteristics of rice bowl seedling and innovated the seedling raising tray structure. Under the condition of low sowing rate, the seedlings were raised with upper blanket and lower bowl and the quality of seedlings were high. It effectively prolonged the suitable machine transplanting time of seedlings, reduced the damage of root during transplanting, and there was almost no slow seedling period after transplanting. 2ZBL-400 rice seedling raising production line solved the problems of low sowing rate and accurate positioning seedling raising and sowing. Applying the comprehensive management technology of seedling stage to cultivate qualified seedlings was the key to realize machine transplanting of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. The seedling raising mode adopted the dry seedling raising technology. When transplanting large-bowl blanket seedling of rice, the transplanter was required to take seedlings according to the bowl. The simple improvement design of the horizontal and longitudinal seedling delivery mechanism of existing transplanter could meet the technical requirements of machine transplanting of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. The technology had been tested, demonstrated and popularized in the main rice producing areas in China. The test and demonstration results showed that the project had the advantages of alleviating the shortage of stubble, reducing risk, promoting the reduction of pesticide application, increasing yield and so on. The technology effectively solved the problem of insufficient rice growth period caused by machine transplanting in the double-cropping rice area, the rice wheat rotation area and the northeast cold rice area, and opened up a new technical mode for rice mechanized operation.