关键词: 水稻, 大钵体毯状苗, 育秧盘, 秧苗素质, 机械化插秧, 送秧机构

Abstract:

In order to solve the technical problems of traditional mechanical transplanting technology, such as short seedling age adaptation period and serious seedling injury after transplanting, and to break through the bottleneck of rice development in the double-cropping rice area, the rice wheat rotation area and the northeast cold rice area, this project had developed the mechanized seedling raising and transplanting technology of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. This technology gave full play to the agronomic technical advantages of high yield and fine quality of rice bowl seedling cultivation and the advantages of efficient and accurate mechanized operation of machine transplanting. It integrated and innovated the key techniques such as the large-bowl blanket seedling raising tray technology of rice, accurate aligned sowing technology, comprehensive management technology of seedling stage and high-speed mechanical transplanting technology. The large-bowl blanket seedling raising tray of rice highlighted the technical characteristics of rice bowl seedling and innovated the seedling raising tray structure. Under the condition of low sowing rate, the seedlings were raised with upper blanket and lower bowl and the quality of seedlings were high. It effectively prolonged the suitable machine transplanting time of seedlings, reduced the damage of root during transplanting, and there was almost no slow seedling period after transplanting. 2ZBL-400 rice seedling raising production line solved the problems of low sowing rate and accurate positioning seedling raising and sowing. Applying the comprehensive management technology of seedling stage to cultivate qualified seedlings was the key to realize machine transplanting of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. The seedling raising mode adopted the dry seedling raising technology. When transplanting large-bowl blanket seedling of rice, the transplanter was required to take seedlings according to the bowl. The simple improvement design of the horizontal and longitudinal seedling delivery mechanism of existing transplanter could meet the technical requirements of machine transplanting of large-bowl blanket seedling of rice. The technology had been tested, demonstrated and popularized in the main rice producing areas in China. The test and demonstration results showed that the project had the advantages of alleviating the shortage of stubble, reducing risk, promoting the reduction of pesticide application, increasing yield and so on. The technology effectively solved the problem of insufficient rice growth period caused by machine transplanting in the double-cropping rice area, the rice wheat rotation area and the northeast cold rice area, and opened up a new technical mode for rice mechanized operation.

Key words: rice, large-bowl blanket seedling, seedling tray, seedling quality, mechanized seedling transplanting, seedling delivery mechanism