我国籼稻区不同种植模式的效益比较及经营问题——以湖南省为例
收稿日期: 2022-10-27
网络出版日期: 2023-01-17
基金资助
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目“水稻产业经济岗位科学家”(CARS-01-53);农业农村部课题“稻谷市场分析预警”(11200009);中国农业科学院重大应急项目“高标准农田建设标准体系构建及投入机制研究——以水稻和小麦为例”(Y2021YJ03)
Comparative Benefits and Management Problems of Different Cropping Patterns in Indica Rice Areas in China——Hunan Province as an Example
Received date: 2022-10-27
Online published: 2023-01-17
摘要：基于湖南省长沙县、岳阳县、临澧县和益阳市大通湖区4个主产县（区）水稻种植户微观调研数据，按早稻、双季晚稻、一季稻以及再生稻的种植模式分类，对不同模式成本效益的变化趋势、不同规模经营效益等进行了分析，并探析了不同模式生产经营中面临的个性问题、共性问题和区域问题。结果发现，不同种稻模式和主体单位面积净利润均呈下降趋势，适度规模具有成本优势；再生稻效益较好，但面临制度和技术限制；籼稻区面临的共性和区域问题包括机械化率低、信贷成本高、品牌效应弱等。基于此，从政府加大农田基础设施建设力度、完善社会化服务、畅通信贷渠道、引导订单化生产、将再生稻纳入粮食统计等方面提出了提高我国籼稻生产经营效益的政策建议。
李俊杰, 纪龙, 梅冬, 李建平 . 我国籼稻区不同种植模式的效益比较及经营问题——以湖南省为例[J]. 中国稻米, 2023 , 29(1) : 13 -18 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.01.003
Based on microscopic research data of rice growers in four main producing counties (districts) including Changsha County, Yueyang County, Linli County and Datong Lake District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, we analyzed the trends of changes in cost-benefit and the benefits of different scales of operation and explored the individual, common and regional problems faced by different modes in production and operation. There were three main results. Firstly, there was a decreasing trend of the average net profit per unit area of various rice growing modes. Secondly, moderate scale had cost advantages. Thirdly, growing ratoon rice gains more profits but was faced institutional and technical constraints. In addition, common and regional issues faced by indica rice growing areas included low mechanization rate, high credit cost and weak brand effect. To address these issues, we gave policy recommendations including increasing the construction of farmland infrastructure, improving socialization services, smoothing credit channels, guiding order-based production, and inclusion of ratoon rice in grain statistics.
Key words： indica rice; double-season rice; cropping system; costs and benefits; Hunan
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