为促进东北粳稻稻米品质遗传育种研究，本试验利用分子标记手段对东北粳稻细胞质进行籼粳类型鉴定，再以4份籼质粳核超高产粳稻与4份粳质粳核粳稻构建双列杂交群体，分别在沈阳和哈尔滨两地种植，分析籼型细胞质背景下杂交后代F₁稻米品质性状的变化特征。结果表明，筛选到4份超高产粳稻沈农265、沈农9741、辽粳454、沈农9816的细胞质为籼型；杂交后代F₁品质性状相关性分析得出，食味值与直链淀粉含量正相关，与蛋白质含量极显著负相关；稻米品质方差分析表明，与粳质粳核材料相比，籼质粳核材料稻米蛋白质含量低，加工品质、蒸煮食味值高。综上所述，相同核遗传背景下，籼质粳核基因互作可能有利于提高稻米品质和口感。

In order to promote the research of quality genetics and breeding of japonica rice in Northeast China, using the molecular marker to identify the Indica or japonica type cytoplasm of japonica rice in Northeast China, constructed diallel cross population with four indica-cytoplasm super-high-yielding japonica rice and four japonica-cytoplasm japonica rice, which were planted in Shenyang and Harbin, and investigated variation characteristics of rice quality traits of hybrid F₁ under indica-type cytoplasmic background. The results showed that the cytoplasm of 4 super-high-yielding japonica rice Shennong 265, Shennong 9741, Liaojing 454 and Shennong 9816 were indica type. Correlation analysis of quality traits in hybrid F₁ showed that, taste value was positively correlated with amylose content and negatively correlated with protein content. The variance analysis of rice quality indicated that the indica-cytoplasm japonica-nuclear material had lower protein content, higher processing quality and higher cooking and eating quality than the japonica -cytoplasm japonica-nuclear material. In conclusion, the interaction between indica-cytoplasm gene and japonica-nuclear gene was beneficial to improve the quality and taste of japonica rice under the same nuclear genetic background.