以南粳5055为供试品种，于2021年在江苏滩涂地区（土壤盐分1.11~1.26 g/kg）开展田间试验，研究不同外源物质及喷施时期（2次：分蘖期、孕穗期和3次：分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆期）对滩涂水稻穗部性状及产量、品质的影响。试验设置7个处理，即喷施清水（CK）、禾稼春喷施2次（L1-2）、碧护喷施2次（L2-2）、萘乙酸喷施2次（L3-2）、禾稼春喷施3次（L1-3）、碧护喷施3次（L2-3）和萘乙酸喷施3次（L3-3）。结果表明，喷施外源物质具有提高水稻产量的效果，与CK相比，L2-2、L2-3、L3-2和L3-3分别显著提高产量17.69%、17.80%、11.62%和13.42%，L1-2和L1-3则分别提高产量6.66%和7.09%，但差异不显著；喷施外源物质对稻米品质影响不大。喷施外源物质对水稻有效穗数和结实率均没有明显影响，但显著增加实粒数；L1-2、L2-2、L1-3和L3-3处理显著增加每穗粒数，L2-2和L2-3处理显著增加千粒重。喷施外源物质对水稻一次枝梗的枝梗数、总粒数、实粒数和结实率没有显著影响，而对二次枝梗的枝梗数、总粒数、实粒数及结实率均有不同程度的增加效果，且二次枝梗对每穗粒数的贡献率普遍提高。对同一种外源物质而言，喷施2次和喷施3次对水稻产量、穗部性状的影响没有显著差异。碧护喷施处理提高水稻产量主要是由每穗粒数、每穗实粒数和千粒重提高引起的，萘乙酸喷施处理提高水稻产量主要是每穗粒数、每穗实粒数提高引起的，而每穗粒数的提高主要与二次枝梗数及二次枝梗的总粒数和实粒数增加有关。因此，今后在滩涂地区种植水稻，可通过在分蘖期和孕穗期喷施外源叶面肥或植物生长调节剂来改善穗粒结构特别是二次枝梗性状，达到增产增收的目的。

A field experiment was carried out in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province (the salt content in the soil is 1.11-1.26 g/kg) in 2021 to study the effects of different exogenous substances and spraying periods (2 times: tillering stage, booting stage and 3 times: tillering stage, booting stage, filling stage) on the panicle traits, yield and quality of rice, taking Nanjing 5055 as the test variety. Seven treatments were set up in the experiment, including spraying clean water (CK), spraying Hejiachun twice (L1-2), spraying Bihu twice (L2-2), spraying Naphthoacetic twice (L3-2), spraying Hejiachun three times (L1-3), spraying Bihu three times (L2-3), and spraying Naphthylacetic three times (L3-3). The results showed that spraying exogenous substances had the effect of improving rice yield. Compared with CK (the rice yield was 7 310.3 kg/hm²), L2-2, L2-3, L3-2, and L3-3 significantly increased rice yields by 17.69%, 17.80%, 11.62%, and 13.42%, while L1-2 and L1-3 increased rice yields by 6.66% and 7.09%, respectively, but the difference was not significant. However, spraying treatments had little effect on quality of rice. Spraying exogenous substances did not significantly affect the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of rice, but significantly increased the number of solid grains. L1-2, L2-2, L1-3 and L3-3 treatments significantly increased the number of grains per spike, while L2-2 and L2-3 treatments significantly increased the weight of 1 000 grains. Spraying exogenous substances did not significantly affect the number of branches, total number of grains, number of solid grains and seed setting rate of primary branches and stems of rice, but increased the number of branches, total number of grains, number of solid grains and seed setting rate of secondary branches of rice, and the contribution rate of secondary branches to grain number per panicle has generally increased. For the same exogenous substance, there was no significant difference in the effects of spraying twice and spraying three times on rice yield and panicle traits. The increase of rice yield under Bihu spraying treatment was mainly caused by the increase of grain number per panicle, solid grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. The increase of grain number per panicle under Naphthoacetic spraying treatment was mainly caused by the increase of grain number per panicle and solid grain number per panicle, and the increase of grain number per panicle was mainly related to the increase of the number of secondary branches, the total number of grains and solid grain number of secondary branches. Therefore, when planting rice in the tidal flat in the future, we can improve the spike grain structure, especially the secondary branch characters, by spraying exogenous foliar fertilizer or plant growth regulators at the tillering stage and booting stage, so as to increase rice yield and income.