挖掘野生稻有利基因对栽培稻进行遗传改良是当前水稻育种研究的热点。利用远缘杂交技术获得了小粒野生稻基因渗入系桂恢1561,通过农艺性状考查、配合力测定和稻飞虱抗性鉴定,确认桂恢1561粒大(32.2 g)、穗长(28.3 cm)、优质、兼抗褐飞虱(抗级2.5)和白背飞虱(抗级2.9)、配合力好,具有较高的育种价值。利用桂1025/桂恢1561构建的重组自交系和近等基因系对来自于桂恢1561的有利基因进行遗传定位,对PL9、GS12、Bph31(t)和Wbph9(t) 等4个主效基因进行连锁分子标记开发;利用分子标记辅助育种技术将桂恢1561有利基因导入多个骨干亲本,创制出9个新的优质、多抗恢复系;进一步以桂恢1561及其衍生系作为恢复系选育出11个优势杂交稻组合,其中,华浙优1561和旱优711已通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定。

Exploring beneficial genes from wild rice for genetic improvement of cultivated rice is a hot topic in current rice breeding research. Guihui 1561, an introgression line originated from Oryza minuta, was obtained by distant hybridization. Through agronomic trait examination, combining ability determination, and rice planthopper resistance identification, we confirmed that Guihui 1561 has large grain (32.2 g), long panicle (28.3 cm), high quality, good combining ability, and resistance to both brown planthopper (resistance level 2.5) and white back planthopper (resistance level 2.9). It has high breeding value. Subsequently, the beneficial genes from Guihui 1561 were mapped, and linkage molecular markers for four major genes, PL9, GS12, Bph31(t), and Wbph9(t), were developed, using the recombinant inbred lines and near-isogenic lines constructed from Gui 1025/Guihui 1561. The beneficial genes of Guihui 1561 were introduced into multiple backbone parents using molecular marker-assisted breeding technology, and 9 new high quality and multi-resistance restorer lines were created. Furthermore, 11 dominant hybrid rice combinations were bred using Guihui 1561 and its derivative lines as restorer lines, among which Huazheyou 1561 and Hanyou 711 have been approved by the Crop Variety Certification Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.