Abstract:

Straw and washed sand sludge are typical agricultural and environmental solid wastes, respectively. The preparation of crop seedling substrates using these materials via a blending technology represents a novel approach to resource utilization of solid waste in agriculture. To clarify the properties of the straw-washed sand sludge (SWS), the quality of seedlings raised in this substrate, and the population development characteristics and yield performance of machine-transplanted rice, a comparative experiment was conducted in Shangyu District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. The study used two rice cultivars, Zhongzaoan 35 (early rice) and Qingliansimiao (late rice), with three treatments: SWS substrate seedling raising (SWS), nutrient soil seedling raising (CK1), and commercial substrate seedling raising (CK2). The results indicated that the contents of total potassium (K₂O), total phosphorus (P₂O₅), total nitrogen, and organic matter in the SWS substrate reached 1.94%, 0.68%, 0.98 g/kg, and 9.25 g/kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the raw sand washing mud. The SWS substrate effectively promoted root system development and accelerated the seedling greening and growth process. Furthermore, the reduced weight per seedling tray significantly lowered labor intensity and saved labor costs, while simultaneously improving the quality of tiller growth in the rice population. Compared with CK1 and CK2, the SWS treatment achieved higher yields primarily by increasing the number of effective panicles, total grains per panicle, and 1 000-grain weight.

Key words: double-cropping rice, rice straw, washing sand mud, seedling substrate, seedling quality, yield

摘要：

秸秆和洗砂泥分别属于农业与环境固体废弃物，采用搅融技术将二者制备成作物育苗基质，是一种新型的固废资源化农用技术。为明确利用秸秆和洗砂泥制备的基质（SWS）性能、基质育成秧苗的素质，以及机插后水稻群体发育特征和产量表现，在浙江省绍兴市上虞区开展对比试验，以中早安35（早稻）和青莲丝苗（晚稻）为供试水稻品种，设置秸秆洗砂泥基质育秧（SWS）、营养土育秧（CK1）和商品基质育秧（CK2）3个处理。结果表明，SWS基质的全钾（K₂O）、全磷（P₂O₅）、全氮和有机质含量分别达到1.94%、0.68%、0.98 g/kg和9.25 g/kg，显著高于洗砂泥原料的对应指标水平。SWS基质可有效促进水稻秧苗根系发育，加快返青生长进程；且每盘秧苗质量更轻，可显著降低劳动强度、节省用工成本，同时改善水稻群体茎蘖生长质量。与CK1和CK2相比，SWS处理主要通过增加有效穗数、每穗总粒数和千粒重实现产量提升。

关键词: 双季稻, 秸秆, 洗砂泥, 育秧基质, 秧苗素质, 产量