Effects of Long-term Straw Return to the Field on Rice Yield and Surface Water Environment

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.05.010

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of long-term straw return to the field (CFS) on the changes of water environment risk indicators such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in surface water and rice yield were studied by 11-year positioning experiment. The results showed that compared with CF treatment (without returning straw to the field), CFS treatment reduced rice yield by 3.5%, but the difference was not significant, mainly because CFS treatment reduced the number of effective ears of rice. Compared with CF treatment, the content of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in surface water treated with CFS showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) /TN in the surface water at the initial stage of return to field was decreased, but the aquatic environment risk of COD in the surface water was increased by 69.4% on average. However, the COD of field surface water of CFS treatment was lower than the water quality requirement of paddy field crop irrigation in the national standard “Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard” (GB5084—2021) (COD is 150 mg/L). Therefore, the CFS treatment reduced the water environment risk of N and P in the surface water at the initial stage of straw return to the field, and increased the water environment risk of COD in surface water, but had no significant effect on rice yield.

Key words: straw return to the field, water environment risk, COD, paddy field, rice, yield

摘要：

基于11年定位试验，研究长期秸秆还田（CFS）对田面水的化学需氧量（COD）、氮（N）、磷（P）等水环境风险指标变化规律及对水稻产量的影响。结果表明，与CF处理（秸秆不还田）相比，CFS处理水稻减产3.5%，但差异不显著，主要是因为秸秆还田减少了水稻有效穗数。与CF处理相比，CFS处理田面水中总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）含量呈先下降后上升趋势，还田初期田面水中NH₄⁺-N（铵态氮）/TN降低，田面水中COD平均增加69.4%，水环境风险上升。但CFS处理田面水中COD仍低于GB 5084—2021《农田灌溉水质标准》的水田作物灌溉水质要求（COD为150 mg/L）。说明长期秸秆还田降低了还田初期田面水中N、P的水环境风险，但增加了田面水中COD的水环境风险，而对水稻产量影响不显著。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 水环境风险, 化学需氧量, 稻田, 水稻, 产量

CLC Number:

X712
S511.05

SUN Guofeng, SUN Renhua, ZHOU Wei, LIU Hongjiang, SHENG Jing, XU Zhiyu. Effects of Long-term Straw Return to the Field on Rice Yield and Surface Water Environment[J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(5): 57-61.

孙国峰, 孙仁华, 周炜, 刘红江, 盛婧, 徐志宇. 长期秸秆还田对水稻产量与田面水环境的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2023, 29(5): 57-61.

Figures/Tables 5

References 23

[1]	HUANG J, XU C C, RIDOUTT B G, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 159: 171-179.
[2]	薛颖昊, 冯浩杰, 孙仁华, 等. 农作物秸秆肥料化利用研究文献计量分析[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2023, 44(1):108-118.
[3]	于建光, 顾元, 常志州, 等. 小麦秸秆浸提液和腐解液对水稻的化感效应[J]. 土壤学报, 2013, 50(2):349-356.
[4]	何艳, 严田蓉, 郭长春, 等. 秸秆还田与栽插方式对水稻根系生长及产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(7):105-114.
[5]	王德建, 常志州, 王灿, 等. 稻麦秸秆全量还田的产量与环境效应及其调控[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(9):1073-1 082.
[6]	龚静静, 胡宏祥, 朱昌雄, 等. 秸秆还田对农田生态环境的影响综述[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2018, 46(23):36-40.
[7]	刘红江, 郑建初, 陈留根, 等. 秸秆还田对农田周年地表径流氮、磷、钾流失的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(6):1031-1 036.
[8]	张世洁, 张刚, 王德建, 等. 秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田增产及田面水氮动态变化的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2020, 57(2):435-445.
[9]	WANG J, LV G, GUO X S, et al. Conservation tillage and optimized fertilization reduce winter runoff losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland in the Chaohu Lake region, China[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2015, 101(1): 93-106.
[10]	郭智, 肖敏, 陈留根, 等. 稻麦两熟农田稻季养分径流流失特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(7):1622-1 627.
[11]	朱利群, 夏小江, 胡清宇, 等. 不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对稻田氮磷养分径流流失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2012, 26(6):6-10.
[12]	张刚, 张世洁, 王德建, 等. 秸秆还田影响长江下游稻田周年氮磷径流风险[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2021, 40(3):640-649.
[13]	戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 鲁明星, 等. 水稻秸秆用量对淹水培养土壤表层溶液理化性质的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(1):20-24.
[14]	杨志敏, 陈玉成, 张赟, 等. 淹水条件下秸秆还田的面源污染物释放特征[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(6):1854-1 860.
[15]	石吕, 薛亚光, 韩笑, 等. 淹水条件下不同麦秸还田方式对田面水氮磷及COD浓度的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(2):247-252.
[16]	张志剑, 董亮, 朱荫湄. 水稻田面水氮素的动态特征、模式表征及排水流失研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2001, 21(4):475-480.
[17]	孙国峰, 陈留根, 刘红江, 等. 连续翻耕秸秆粉碎还田土壤物理性状及水稻产量[J]. 中国稻米, 2017, 23(4):99-101.
[18]	李继福, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 等. 麦秆还田配施不同腐秆剂对水稻产量、秸秆腐解和土壤养分的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(35):270-276.
[19]	吴晶晶, 张思梅, 顾东祥, 等. 稻麦周年不同秸秆还田方式对水稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2021, 27(5):79-83.
[20]	王子阳, 陈婉华, 袁伟, 等. 长期秸秆还田与耕作方式对水稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2021, 27(3):17-20.
[21]	张洪熙, 赵步洪, 杜永林, 等. 小麦秸秆还田条件下轻简栽培水稻的生长特性[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2008, 22(6):603-609.
[22]	王静, 郭熙盛, 王允青, 等. 保护性耕作与平衡施肥对巢湖流域稻田氮素径流损失及水稻产量的影响研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(6):1164-1 171.
[23]	PENG C J, LAI S S, LUO X S, et al. Effects of long term rice straw application on the microbial communities of rapeseed rhizosphere in a paddy-upland rotation system[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 557-558: 231-239.