Abstract:

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of urea and slow-release fertilizer ratio under deep placement on grain yield and physiological traits of rice. The experiment used hybrid rice Qingxiangyou 19 Xiang and conventional rice Xiangya Xiang Zhan as materials, and set up four treatments（the ratio of urea and slow-release fertilizer mixed under deep placement as basal fertilizer in 6 cm soil depth was 1∶1, 1∶2, and 2∶1, marked as T1, T2 and T3 in rank, respectively; T4, no any fertilizer was applied in the whole growth period of rice). The results showed that for Qingxiangyou 19 xiang, the grain yield of T2 treatment significantly increased by 29.47%、43.49% and 73.56% compared to T1, T3 and T4 treatment, respectively. The leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and NR, POD, and CAT activities of Qingxiangyou 19 and Xiangyaxiangzhan were significantly increased in T2 treatment compared with other treatments, but the content of MDA was significantly decreased in T2 treatment. Deep placement of urea and slow-release fertilizer in a ratio of 1∶2 was one kind of high-efficiency fertilization method.

Key words: rice, urea, slow-release fertilizer, deep placement, yield

摘要：

研究了不同比例尿素和缓释肥深施对水稻产量和生理特性的影响，旨在探明深施肥条件下促进水稻生长的尿素和缓释肥的最佳比例。试验以杂交水稻青香优19香和常规水稻象牙香占为材料，设置4个不同处理，分别是：T1，尿素和缓释肥按1∶1（按含氮量计，下同）混合，全部作基肥一次性深施入土壤，施肥深度6 cm；T2，尿素和缓释肥按1∶2混合，全部作基肥一次性深施入土壤；T3，尿素和缓释肥按2∶1混合，全部作基肥一次性深施入土壤；T4，水稻整个生育期均不施肥。所有施肥处理氮肥（纯N ）用量均为150 kg/hm²。结果表明，青香优19香T2处理产量比T1、T3和T4处理分别显著增加29.47%、43.49%和73.56%；相比其他处理，T2处理的青香优19香和象牙香占叶面积指数、干物质积累量，以及叶片硝酸还原酶（NR）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性明显提高，但丙二醛（MDA）含量明显下降。说明尿素和缓释肥按照1∶2比例深施是一种较好的施肥方法。

关键词: 水稻, 缓释肥, 尿素, 深施, 产量