Abstract:

China’s rice breeding has undergone several significant breakthroughs, including the development of dwarf rice, hybrid rice, and super rice. Among these, the utilization of heterosis has consistently remained the core and a challenging aspect of research. With the continuous innovation of breeding technologies, the development of hybrid rice has constantly advanced to new stages. In 1975, the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences employed the “indica-japonica bridging” technique to successfully introduce the restoring gene from indica rice into the japonica rice restorer line C57. This led to the development of the japonica hybrid rice combination Liyou 57, which was subsequently widely promoted in production, significantly enhancing the yield per unit area in northern rice-growing regions. Over the past 50 years, three generations of researchers at the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences have persistently dedicated themselves to the research and innovation of japonica hybrid rice breeding and related key technologies. They have accumulated a wealth of breeding materials and continuously improved the breeding theory and technical system. In the past decade, by integrating biotechnology and molecular breeding approaches, and relying on technologies such as combining ability analysis, construction of heterotic groups, and heterosis prediction, the genetic effects and compositional mechanisms of heterosis in northern japonica hybrid rice have been further clarified. This has promoted the deep integration and coordinated development of theoretical research on heterosis and breeding practices.

Key words: rice, breeding, heterosis, hybrid japonica rice, indica-japonica bridging, northern rice-growing region

摘要：

我国水稻育种经历了矮秆化、杂交稻与超级稻等多次重大突破，其中杂种优势利用始终是研究的核心与难点。随着育种技术的持续革新，杂交水稻发展不断迈向新阶段。1975年，辽宁省农业科学院运用“籼粳架桥”技术，成功将籼稻恢复基因导入粳稻恢复系C57，育成杂交粳稻组合黎优57，并在生产上大面积推广，显著提升了北方稻区的水稻单产水平。50年来，辽宁省农业科学院三代科研人员持续致力于杂交粳稻育种及相关关键技术的研究与创新，积累了丰富的育种材料，不断完善育种理论与技术体系。近10年来，通过生物技术与分子育种手段，依托配合力分析、杂种优势群构建及优势预测等技术，进一步明确了北方杂交粳稻杂种优势的遗传效应与构成机制，推动了杂种优势理论研究与育种实践的深度融合与协同发展。

关键词: 水稻, 育种, 杂种优势, 杂交粳稻, 籼粳架桥, 北方稻区