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20 January 2026, Volume 32 Issue 1 Previous Issue   
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Large-Area Increase in Rice Yield & Efficiency
Special Thesis & Basic Research
Varieties & Technology
Local Rice


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Large-Area Increase in Rice Yield & Efficiency

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Practices and Reflections on Increasing Large-Area Per-Unit Yield of Rice in a Mountainous County of Southeast Guizhou——A Case Study of Taijiang County WANG Hua, CHU Guang 2026, 32(1): 1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (730KB) ( )   Located in the transitional zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the hills of Western Hunan, Qiandongnan Prefecture features steep mountains, deep valleys, scattered arable land, and relatively thin soil layers—conditions that impose constraints on agricultural production. As the primary grain crop in the region, rice yield has a significant impact on both local food security and farmers’ income. In 2024, Taijiang County of Qiandongnan Prefecture carried out an initiative to increase rice yield across large areas, achieving a 9.13% rise in per-unit yield compared to 2023. This paper summarized the key measures implemented, the interim results obtained, and the existing challenges in Taijiang County’s yield enhancement initiative. It also offers reflections and recommendations for further increasing rice productivity in the future.

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Integration and Innovation of High-Quality and High-Yield Rice Cultivation Technology in the Hilly Regions of Southwest China——Zizhong, Sichuan for Example CHEN Liang, CHEN Yong, YUAN Chi, CAO Houming, LUO Tao 2026, 32(1): 6-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (937KB) ( )   Zizhong County is a representative area for rice production in the hilly regions of Sichuan Province. Through years of technological integration and innovation, it has achieved a significant increase in rice yield per unit area. This paper systematically reviews the high-quality and high-yield rice cultivation technology system in Zizhong County, with a focus on key aspects such as variety selection, dry nursery seedling technology, “Dasanwei” intensive cultivation, scientific fertilization and irrigation, integrated pest management, and the “Five-Excellent Factors” integration model. It further examines the challenges faced in the process of technological integration and innovation, including high initial costs hindering large-scale adoption, uneven application and implementation rates of technologies, ecological risks arising from long-term monoculture, resource constraints and insufficient exploitation of potential. On this basis, the study proposes development strategies such as promoting the simplification and smart upgrading of technologies, advancing ecological and green low-carbon transformation, enhancing industrial integration and value chain development, and innovating management systems and service mechanisms. The technological practices in Zizhong County offer a replicable pathway for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in the hilly areas of Southern China, holding practical significance for ensuring regional food security.

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Research on Adaptability and Development Strategies of the Rice Industry in High-Latitude and High-Altitude Regions under Climate Change SHANG Quanyu, LIU Youhong, LIN Jingyan, LIU Anjin, WANG Song, ZHANG Wenzhong 2026, 32(1): 12-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )   Climate change has emerged as one of the major global challenges, exerting profound impacts on the rice industry. This paper systematically compiled meteorological data from high-latitude and high-altitude regions in Heilongjiang spanning the years 1965 to 2024, including annual active accumulated temperature, annual average temperature, and annual average precipitation. Through in-depth analysis, it explored the effects of climate change on rice cultivation area, yield, and quality in these regions, and further investigated the opportunities and challenges faced by the rice industry in high-latitude and high-altitude regions in the process of responding to climate change. On this basis, this paper proposed strategies to promote the development of the rice industry across multiple dimensions, such as variety breeding, pest and disease control and weed management, irrigation method optimization, and field facility maintenance, aiming to provide scientific references for ensuring the sustainable development of the rice industry in high-latitude and high-altitude regions under the background of climate change.

Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Development and Prospects of Hybrid Japonica Rice in Northern China Over the Past 50 Years ZHANG Manli, ZHENG Wenjing 2026, 32(1): 16-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )   China’s rice breeding has undergone several significant breakthroughs, including the development of dwarf rice, hybrid rice, and super rice. Among these, the utilization of heterosis has consistently remained the core and a challenging aspect of research. With the continuous innovation of breeding technologies, the development of hybrid rice has constantly advanced to new stages. In 1975, the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences employed the “indica-japonica bridging” technique to successfully introduce the restoring gene from indica rice into the japonica rice restorer line C57. This led to the development of the japonica hybrid rice combination Liyou 57, which was subsequently widely promoted in production, significantly enhancing the yield per unit area in northern rice-growing regions. Over the past 50 years, three generations of researchers at the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences have persistently dedicated themselves to the research and innovation of japonica hybrid rice breeding and related key technologies. They have accumulated a wealth of breeding materials and continuously improved the breeding theory and technical system. In the past decade, by integrating biotechnology and molecular breeding approaches, and relying on technologies such as combining ability analysis, construction of heterotic groups, and heterosis prediction, the genetic effects and compositional mechanisms of heterosis in northern japonica hybrid rice have been further clarified. This has promoted the deep integration and coordinated development of theoretical research on heterosis and breeding practices.

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Identification of Low Cadmium Accumulation and Drought Tolerance in Rice Germplasm and Gene Mining LI Zhouwei, YIN Qianyu, YE Changrong, CHENG Jihua, WANG Sizhe, CHEN Hailong, LI Changhong, ZHANG Yan, LONG Yu, CAI Shanshan, WU Yuntian, JIA Gaofeng, TIAN Bingchuan 2026, 32(1): 20-25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (629KB) ( )   Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important cereal crop, and the stability of its yield and grain quality plays a crucial role in ensuring food security. However, soil cadmium (Cd) contamination caused by human activities, together with drought stress induced by global climate change, pose serious threats to normal rice growth, adversely affecting both productivity and quality. To effectively address these challenges, we evaluated Cd accumulation capacity and drought tolerance of more than 500 rice germplasm accessions, and performed genotyping using a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. In this study, 23 rice lines with low Cd accumulation were successfully identified; when grown in field conditions with high Cd contamination, their grain Cd concentrations remained consistently below 0.1 mg/kg. Meanwhile, 22 rice lines exhibiting superior drought tolerance were selected, as they maintained survival after a prolonged drought treatment lasting for one month. To further elucidate the genetic basis underlying Cd accumulation and drought tolerance in rice, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted, leading to the identification of three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly associated with grain Cd content and four QTLs strongly linked to drought tolerance. The low-Cd and drought-tolerant germplasms identified in this study, along with the precisely mapped gene locis related to these traits, provide valuable materials and a theoretical foundation for in-depth genetic research on rice, and lay a solid groundwork for future breeding applications.

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Research Progress and Prospect in Genetic Improvement of Salt Alkali Tolerant Rice NIU Fuan, ZHANG Anpeng, CHENG Can, SUN Bin, CHU Huangwei, ZHOU Jihua, DAI Yuting, ZHANG Jianming, FANG Jun, XIE Kaizhen, CAO Liming 2026, 32(1): 26-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (562KB) ( )   Abstact: Breeding and cultivating salt-tolerant rice holds crucial strategic significance for the comprehensive and efficient utilization of saline-alkali land and the safeguarding of national food security. This paper provides a systematic review of the impacts of salt-alkali stress on rice yield and quality traits, delves into the technologies for mapping and cloning genes/QTLs related to salt tolerance in rice, and summarizes the research progress in the genetic improvement of salt-tolerant rice varieties. On this basis, it offers an outlook on the research directions and application prospects of new salt-tolerant rice varieties in the future.

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Effects of Co-Pyrolyzed Biochar from Straw and Pig Manure on Soil Fertility and Rice Yield ZHUANG Haifeng, LIN Zhouyang, RAO Cong, CHI Yongqing 2026, 32(1): 30-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1413KB) ( )   In view of the limitations of biochar made from single raw materials (crop straw-based biochar is relatively nutrient-poor, and pig manure-based biochar poses a risk of heavy metal accumulation), Co-pyrolyzed Biochar(CPB) was innovatively prepared through co-pyrolysis of straw and pig manure. The results showed that the specific surface area of CPB attained 21.58 m2/g, which was a substantial increase compared to that of Pig Manure-based Biochar (PMB) at 8.54 m2/g. Meanwhile, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in CPB were all higher than those in Crop Straw-based Biochar (CSB), especially the phosphorus and potassium contents which increased by 262.30% and 282.70%, respectively. This study systematically and comprehensively explored the effects of CPB on soil fertility, enzyme activity, and rice growth in paddy fields. The research results indicated that CPB successfully integrated the high specific surface area of straw (21.58 m2/g) with the abundant mineral nutrients of pig manure(phosphorus content of 18.55 g/kg and potassium content of 33.56 g/kg). Moreover, its heavy metal content was significantly lower than that of PMB, with the contents of cadmium and arsenic decreased by 41.90% and 28.00%, respectively. Among the various application rates, the 2% application rate(CPB2) had the most remarkable effects: the contents of available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in the soil increased significantly by 74.82% and 72.83%, respectively, compared to the control (CK, 0); the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen increased by 12.70% and 9.49%, respectively; the activities of soil phosphatase and catalase increased by 51.19% and 23.34%, respectively; and the rice yield increased by 8.37% compared to CK. Evaluation using the Integrated Fertility Index (IFI) revealed that the CPB2 treatment upgraded the soil fertility grade from Grade Ⅲ (CK, IFI value of 0.56) to Grade Ⅱ (IFI value of 0.68), with rapidly available potassium being the key driving factor with a weight of 0.112. The results of heavy metal pollution assessment showed that the heavy metal contents in all treatment groups were lower than the national standards (cadmium content ≤ 0.60 mg/kg), and the Nemerow Pollution Index (Pollution Index, PI) values were all less than 0.70, indicating no pollution risk. However, the 3% application rate treatment(CPB3) had a significantly lower yield increase effect (3.59%) than the CPB2 treatment due to micropore blockage and nutrient competitive adsorption. This study confirmed that co-pyrolyzed biochar optimized the “nutrient-structure-enzyme activity” network system of soil through the “carbon-ash synergistic effect” (i.e., porous carbon structures loading mineral nutrients). Among them, the 2% application rate was the optimal threshold for achieving “high yield-low risk” in paddy field systems.

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Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Rice Growth and Development in Saline-Alkali Land ZHANG Xiang, GENG Xiaoyu, WANG Lulu, MA Weiyi, ZUO Boyuan, ZHU Jizou, LIU Yang, SHENG Xiaozhou, GAO Pinglei, CHEN Yinglong, WEI Huanhe, DAI Qigen 2026, 32(1): 39-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1001KB) ( )   Saline-alkali land is an important reserve arable resource and a “potential grain warehouse” in China. However, its high soil salinity, poor structural properties, and low nutrient content severely constrain crop productivity and quality improvement. Existing studies have demonstrated that the application of organic fertilizers can effectively improve the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soils and alleviate the adverse effects of salinity on rice development, yield, and quality. This paper introduces the definition and classification of organic fertilizers, summarizes their effects on the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soils, the composition of soil microbial communities, and soil enzyme activities. Furthermore, it analyzes the influence and physiological mechanisms of organic fertilizer application on rice growth, yield, and quality in saline-alkali environments. Finally, it offers recommendations for future innovations in organic fertilizer products and the optimization of application technologies, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for enhancing soil improvement efficiency and promoting rice yield and quality in saline-alkali lands.

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Long-Term Positioning Research of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Rice Production and Soil Nutrient Changes in Cold and Cool Regions XIN Yuwei, CAO Tiehua, LI Shanlong, ZHAO Xin, LI Tao, LI Yutong, YANG Yutong, LIANG Xuanhe 2026, 32(1): 47-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (997KB) ( )   To explore the effects of different ratios of organic and inorganic fertilizers application on rice growth and soil nutrients in the cold and cool regions of Northeast China, this experiment utilized the medium-to-late maturing japonica rice variety Jihong 6 as the test variety and established five treatment groups with varying ratios of organic and inorganic fertilizer since 2017 to conduct long-term positioning test. The results indicated that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could not only provide stable and adequate nutrients for rice at each growth stage in cold regions, and improve rice grains quality, but also promote the soil accumulation nutrient in paddy fields. Compared with conventional fertilization treatment, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers promoted the formation of effective panicles in rice, increased the seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. Rice treated with the organic fertilizers of 30% and 50% produced yields that were 3.31% and 24.27% higher, respectively, than those under conventional treatments. Compared to conventional fertilization treatment, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organic matter and available nitrogen content in the soil, with the available nitrogen content with the organic fertilizer treatment of 30% and 50% being 6.41% and 9.01% higher than that of conventional treatment, respectively. Considering both conditions of rice production and the changes in soil nutrients, this study identified the optimal ratio for sustainable rice production and paddy soil development in the cool regions of Northeast China as: 50% organic fertilizer N+50% chemical fertilizer N+conventional PK fertilizer.

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Effects of Combined Application of Biological Organic Fertilizer and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Quality Traits of Dalixiang and Its Relationship with Panicle Type Index GONG Yanlong, LEI Yue, WANG Zhongni, ZHU Susong 2026, 32(1): 55-63.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1162KB) ( )   To explore the influence of different ratios of organic fertilizer to nitrogen fertilizer on the quality traits and panicle type index of high-quality conventional rice variety Dalixiang, and to clarify the relationship between quality traits and panicle type index(PTI), a field experiment was conducted using Dalixiang as the test material. The experiment included 6 treatments: no fertilization (CK), normal application of nitrogen fertilizer(N), 30% replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer(NF1), 50% replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer(NF2), 70% replacement of nitrogen fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer (NF3), and 100% application of organic fertilizer (F). The research results showed that the combined application of biological organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced rice quality, with a reasonable ratio greatly improving processing, appearance and nutritional quality of rice, as well as significantly increasing protein components and amino acid content in rice. The NF1 treatment exhibited the highest brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate along with the lowest chalkiness degree; its protein content was lower than that of the N treatment but higher than that of other treatments. The NF3 treatment resulted in higher peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cold gel viscosity, along with the lowest setback value, significantly optimizing the starch RVA profile characteristics values. According to the results of principal component analysis, the influence of combined application of biological organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer on the quality of Dalixiang could be characterized by the first three principal components, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 85.10%. Combined with the analysis of the factor score coefficient matrix, five indicators namely arginine, phenylalanine, threonine, milled rice albumin and brown rice albumin, were determined as the key factors for evaluating the quality of rice after the combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, different treatments were divided into three categories through cluster analysis: Category Ⅰincluded NF2, NF3 and N, with the best comprehensive quality; Category Ⅱincluded CK and NF1, with medium comprehensive quality; Category Ⅲ only contained F, with the worst comprehensive quality. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between the panicle type index and brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate.

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Effects of Combined Application of Jinggangmycin and Nano-Silicon Fertilzer on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Defense Enzyme Activities, and Control Efficacy Against Rice Sheath Blight GUO Jinquan, ZHOU Youjun 2026, 32(1): 64-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (850KB) ( )   The development of environmentally friendly disease prevention and control technology is conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of rice industry. To clarify the control efficacy of combined application of jinggangmycin and nano-silicon fertilizer against rice sheath blight, as well as its effects on photosynthetic characteristics and defense enzyme activities in rice, an experiment was conducted using the rice cultivar Yexiangyou 669 as the test material, aiming to screen for the optimal combined application scheme. The results showed that, compared to the control (CK, sprayed with an equal volume of sterile water), the combined application of jinggangmycin and nano-silicon fertilizer significantly enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics of rice. Among all treatments, the T3 treatment (spraying 5% validamycin A wettable powder 125 g+nano-silicon fertilizer 700 mL) demonstrated the best performance. Under this treatment condition, the total chlorophyII content, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of rice were 4.69 mg/g, 14.9 μmol/（m2·s）, 0.47μmol/（m2·s）, 268.7 μmol/mol and 5.3 mmol/（m2·s） respectively. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), were significantly higher than those in other treatments. The activities of antioxidant defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), reached their highest values, with specific activities of 513.3, 875.1, 117.7, and 47.9 U/(g·h), respectively. Meanwhile, under this treatment condition, the disease index and control effect of rice were 2.18 and 76.2 %, respectively, and the prevention and control of rice sheath blight reached the best effect. In conclusion, the T3 treatment improved chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in rice, activated antioxidant defense enzymes, and demonstrated excellent control efficacy against rice sheath blight.

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Differences in Biological Characteristics of Rice False Smut Fungi and Resistance Evaluation of Main Cultivated Rice Varieties in Heilongjiang Province WANG Chun, LI Guangyu, ZHANG Suxin, HUANG Yuanju, WANG Yu, LIU Chunlai, WANG Qian 2026, 32(1): 70-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )   To clarify the resistance levels of main cultivated rice varieties to rice false smut in Heilongjiang Province, this study first screened highly pathogenic strains by comparing the differences in biological characteristics among various rice false smut strains. Subsequently, the comprehensive resistance of 47 main cultivated rice varieties was evaluated using two methods: indoor artificial inoculation and field natural induction. The results indicated that the rice false smut strains Uv-AC-5, Uv-WC-1, and Uv-QA-3 exhibited relative advantages in terms of mycelial growth rate, sporulation capacity, and spore germination rate. Therefore, they were selected as the mixed inoculation strains for artificial inoculation of rice false smut. The analysis of the comprehensive resistance of the 47 main cultivated rice varieties revealed differences in resistance levels among the tested rice varieties, with an overall resistance-susceptibility ratio of 57.45∶42.55. Among them, there were 4 resistant varieties and 23 moderately resistant varieties. The finding of this study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rice false smut in rice-growing areas of Heilongjiang Province, as well as for the selection and utilization of resistant varieties.

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Analysis of the Rural Revitalization Mechanisms for Yunnan Plateau’s Characteristic Rice Planting Patterns JIANG Xin, ZHANG Weixing, JIAO Xiang, SHEN Guanghong, JIN Liandeng 2026, 32(1): 76-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (868KB) ( )   Yunnan is renowned as the ‘Kingdom of Rice Cultivation’ due to its unique geographical environment. However, the region has encountered a series of challenges in the process of agricultural development, such as persistently high costs of agricultural materials and labor, significant resource consumption, and relatively low efficiency in rice cultivation. To address these challenges, local areas have actively explored and adopted diversified planting models. These include terrace farming, cultivation in river valleys and plains, upland rice dry farming in mountainous areas, water-saving irrigation, green and organic ecological farming, integrated rice-aquaculture systems, ecological recycling farming, as well as the selection and cultivation of distinctive varieties, which have significantly enhanced the diversity and efficiency of agricultural production. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of how these planting models effectively improve land utilization rates, increase agricultural output, enhance resource utilization efficiency, and bolster market competitiveness, thereby injecting strong impetus into rural revitalization. Nevertheless, in the course of practical implementation, there are still several pressing issues that need to be resolved. These include insufficient investment in infrastructure, inadequate technology promotion, limited skills among farmers, relatively high economic costs, and low market recognition. In response to these issues, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: first, increase investment in infrastructure construction to improve agricultural production conditions; second, expand the scope of technology promotion and strengthen farmer training to enhance farmers’ acceptance and application capabilities of new technologies; third, optimize the economic cost structure to reduce production costs and improve agricultural profitability; fourth, strengthen brand building and market development to enhance the market recognition and competitiveness of agricultural products, thereby promoting high-quality development of agriculture in Yunnan and contributing to rural revitalization.

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Production Advantages, Risks, and Countermeasures of “Jianghan Rice” by a Climatic Perspective DENG Yanjun, HUANG Yongping, YE Pei, LIU Kaiwen, LIU Min 2026, 32(1): 82-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1079KB) ( )   As a key provincial public brand cultivated by Hubei Province, “Jianghan Rice” shoulders the critical mission of driving the transformation of Hubei’s rice industry from “scale-driven expansion” to “quality-oriented strengthening”. Its core production region, the Jianghan Plain, has emerged as Hubei’s premium rice-producing area, leveraging its unique climatic endowments of abundant temperature, sunlight, and water resources, as well as innovative practices in eco-integrated farming models such as rice-fish co-culture. Against the backdrop of global climate warming, the Jianghan Plain has become the most pronounced warming zone in Hubei over the past six decades. This warming trend yields dual impacts: on one hand, increased accumulated temperature extends the optimal growth period for rice, facilitating yield improvements and expanding the cultivable boundaries of medium- and late-maturing varieties northward and westward; on the other hand, the intensified frequency of extreme climate events—including torrential rains/floods, droughts, and heatwaves—poses severe threats to the stability of rice yields and quality. Through a systematic climate-centric analysis, this paper unveiled the climatic opportunities and risks confronting the development of the “Jianghan Rice” industry: (1) Adaptability disparities among rice varieties to “warm-humid” climate conditions, with certain varieties at risk of shortened growth durations and heightened pest/disease pressures; (2) The sensitivity of key quality-forming stages (grain-filling period) to high-temperature stress, directly impacting rice grain appearance quality and taste attributes; (3) The imperative for systemic reforms in cropping systems triggered by climate warming, which places traditional maturity-type and variety combinations under pressure for reconfiguration. To address these challenges, this paper proposed three strategic pathways: (1) Establishing a “Jianghan Rice” variety breeding and iteration system, prioritizing the development of new varieties with heat tolerance, lodging resistance, and consistent premium yields; (2) Optimizing the spatial layout of industry with climate adaptability by instituting a “variety-region-technology” matching mechanism grounded in climate zoning; (3) Innovating meteorological risk mitigation and insurance service models through the development of climate index insurance products covering the entire industrial chain, thereby constructing a closed-loop management system integrating “pre-disaster early warning, in-disaster response, and post-disaster compensation”.

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Recent Characteristics and Management Strategies of Weed Occurrence in Rice Fields of Zhejiang Province YAN Tie, ZHU Xuhui, SHEN Ying, ZHANG Bin, LIANG Chizhou, LU Yu, LI Chenhao, LU Jianfei 2026, 32(1): 89-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (614KB) ( )   In recent years, the damage caused by weeds in paddy fields in Zhejiang Province has continued to intensify, becoming a key limiting factor affecting stable and high-yield rice production. To clarify the current characteristics of weed infestations and develop effective management strategies, this study conducted a systematic survey of 2,883 paddy fields across 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2024. The research focused on analyzing weed community composition, the severity of damage, and its underlying causes. By integrating these findings with the practical realities of rice production in Zhejiang, we propose region-specific comprehensive management recommendations, aiming to provide a scientific basis for advancing sustainable weed control in paddy fields.

Varieties & Technology

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Effects of Precision Sowing and Fixed-Point Throwing on the Seedling Quality and Yield of Rice WANG Zhigang, HUANG Songdi, ZHANG Wenbin, CHEN Huizhe, ZHANG Yuping, XIANG Jing, ZHANG Yikai, XU Yiwen, WANG Yaliang, CHEN Yeping 2026, 32(1): 94-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (447KB) ( )   By using indica and japonica hybrid rice Yongyou31 as material, and setting up two seeding methods(broadcast sowing and precision sowing) as well as two seedling-throwing methods(manual random throwing and fixed-point transplanting throwing), this study conducted an in-depth exploration of the impacts of different treatment methods on the quality and yield of rice seedlings. The results revealed that seedlings subjected to precision sowing outperformed those subjected to broadcast sowing in terms of plant height, leaf age, root length, stem base width, and dry weight. Moreover, except for plant height and dry weight, the differences in all other indicators reached significant or highly significant levels, fully demonstrating that the quality of seedlings in the precision sowing treatment was significantly superior to that in the broadcast sowing treatment. On the whole, the performance of the precision sowing treatment was better than that of the broadcast sowing treatment, although the impact of seeding methods on yield and its components was not significant. Regarding seedling-throwing methods, the panicle length, filled grain number, 1000-grain weight, and yield of the fixed-point transplanting throwing treatment were significantly higher than those of the manual random throwing treatment by 5.39%, 6.11%, 2.74%, and 5.14%, respectively. Furthermore, the treatment method combining precision sowing and fixed-point transplanting throwing achieved a significant yield increase of 7.38% compared to the treatment method combining broadcast sowing and manual random throwing. It can thus be seen that precision sowing and orderly seedling-throwing are of vital importance for cultivating robust seedlings and achieving high rice yields.

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Effects of Rice False Smut on Quality of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice MIAO Xuexue, MIAO Ying, LIU Dengbiao, LI Ni, HUANG Anping, HUANG Zhiyuan, WANG Weiping 2026, 32(1): 97-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (495KB) ( )   Rice false smut is one of the three major diseases affecting rice, and its incidence has shown an increasing trend in recent years. This study utilized rice varieties Hanyou 216 and Yongyou 1540 as experimental materials to analyze the impact of the disease grade of rice false smut on the processing quality, appearance quality, and nutritional quality of rice. The results indicated that the disease severity on individual panicles was mainly at levels 1 and 3 for both varieties. As the disease level increased, the grain quality of both varieties gradually declined, with more severe infection leading to greater quality deterioration. Specifically, in terms of processing quality, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head rice rate decreased by 0.45%-4.80%, 0.18%-8.70%, and 0.84%-14.35%, respectively. For appearance quality, the chalky grain rate increased from 5.1% to 21.2%, and the chalkiness degree increased from 0.21% to 4.32%. In cooking and eating quality, gel consistency exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with rising disease severity, whereas the alkali spreading value gradually declined. The influence of false smut on nutritional quality indicators, such as protein and amylose content, did not show a clear trend. In conclusion, rice false smut has a significant adverse impact on grain quality.

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Resistance Mechanism of Rice Carrying Pyramided Bph14 and Bph15 Genes to Brown Planthopper LIN Zhijian, LIN Chengbao, TANG Jiangxia, DENG Zeqin, HUANG Xianbo, SU Rongli 2026, 32(1): 102-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (763KB) ( )   The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a significant pest that causes severe damage to rice. To investigate the changes in resistance and the resistance mechanism against the brown planthopper of rice materials with pyramided Bph14 and Bph15 genes, as well as their different combinations, this study selected 10 rice materials. Antifeedant identification was conducted at both the seedling and adult stages, and tests were carried out to assess the antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance of these 10 rice materials against the brown planthopper. The results revealed that rice materials carrying the Bph14 and Bph15 genes, along with their different combinations, exhibited resistance (R) or high resistance (HR) levels to the brown planthopper at both the seedling and adult stages. Moreover, they simultaneously demonstrated antibiosis, antixenosis, and a certain degree of tolerance against the pest. The insect-resistant materials obtained in this study will serve as high-quality germplasm parents for the breeding of new hybrid rice varieties resistant to the brown planthopper.

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Effects of Different Planting Densities and Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of the Rice Noodle Variety Zhongzu 237 ZHANG He, SHI Jiawei, GAO Jianmiao, XUE Zhankui, FU Liqing, Liu Kaili 2026, 32(1): 107-112.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (550KB) ( )   Zhongzu 237 is a new conventional early indica rice variety bred by the China National Rice Research Institute. It features a length-to-width ratio of 2.0, an amylose content of 27.4%, a gel consistency of 55.5 mm, and an alkali elimination value of 5.1. With a high flour yield and moderate gel consistency, its main rice quality indicators meet the third-level standard for rice varieties for specialized for rice noodle production. It is very suitable for rice noodles processing and reserve grain storage, enjoying high market acceptance. Improving the yield level of this variety will significantly boost the financial efficiency of grain enterprises and farmers. In order to maximize the high-yield potential of Zhongzu 237 and improve its nitrogen use efficiency, a comparative experiment was conducted with different planting densities and nitrogen application rates. 3 planting density treatments (22.2, 28.6, and 36.4 ×104 hills/hm2) and four nitrogen application rate treatments (0, 150, 195, and 240 kg/hm2) were established. The results showed that both nitrogen application rate and planting density significantly affected the yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency of Zhongzu 237. With the increase of nitrogen application rate and planting density, the yield of Zhongzu 237 initially increased and then decreased. As nitrogen application rate increased, the agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of Zhongzu 237 first increased and then declined, while the partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) significantly decreased. As planting density increased, the agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency, and absorption efficiency of nitrogen of Zhongzu 237 gradualy increased, while PFPN first increased and then decreased. Considering both grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, the most balanced yield components were achieved in this study with a nitrogen application rate of 195.0 kg/hm2 and a planting density of 286 000 hills/hm2 with the higest yield of 9 226.6 kg/hm2.

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Research on the Bottlenecks and Countermeasures of “Jiaxing Rice” Brand Construction CHEN Jie, WANG Gaofeng 2026, 32(1): 118-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (802KB) ( )   This article focuses on the brand development of “Jiaxing Rice”, delving into the challenges faced by the brand, including inadequate awareness promotion after environmental improvements, a shortage of management talent in the industrial chain, insufficient conditions for single-variety warehouses, and inconsistent standards for high-quality rice. The article propose strategies such as government-led consumption, establishing a shareholding company for unified management, introducing supportive policies, and training new professional farmers. These measures aim to enhance the brand recognition and competitiveness of “Jiaxing Rice”, promote the sustainable development of the Jiaxing rice industry, and provide comprehensive references for the development of regional agricultural brands.

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Analysis of New Rice Variety Breeding and High-Quality Rice Industry Development in Xing'an League SUN Yuyan, LI Xin, CUI Xiaohong 2026, 32(1): 123-126.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (392KB) ( )   A systematic comparative analysis was conducted on the rice planting situation, advancements in independent variety breeding, and changes in market share in Xing'an League, from 2001 to 2023. The results indicated that during the period from 2022 to 2023, the rice planting area in Xing'an League remained stable at approximately 62,000 hectares, which was 2.37 times the average cultivation area over the 15-year period from 2001 to 2015. Simultaneously, the total rice output also exhibited a significant and corresponding increase. In terms of yield per unit area, it demonstrated a long-term and steady upward trend from 2001 to 2023. Particularly since 2016, the yield per unit area has reached 2.01 times that of 2001, fully highlighting the remarkable achievements in cultivation techniques and variety improvement. In the area of independent variety breeding, Xing'an League has also achieved remarkable accomplishments. Among the rice varieties approved by the autonomous region, the number of independently bred varieties increased from 0 in 2001 to 11 in 2023, with their proportion rising from 0% to 47.54%. This change not only enriched the diversity of rice varieties in Xing'an League but also provided a strong impetus for the sustainable development of the rice industry. Influenced positively by the increase in the number and quality of Xing'an independently bred varieties, the market share of Xing'an League's independently bred rice varieties has also experienced significant growth, rising from 23.30% in 2017 to 61.00% in 2023. This marks a leapfrog development in Xing'an League's high-quality rice industry, successfully transitioning from a situation of ‘weak seeds, strong rice, weak grain products’ to one of ‘strong seeds, strong rice, strong grain products’. Looking ahead, to further consolidate and expand these development achievements, it is recommended to strengthen the construction of variety breeding clusters. By optimizing resource allocation and enhancing scientific research and innovation capabilities, the virtuous cycle mechanism of “strong seeds, strong rice, strong grain products” can be further reinforced. Meanwhile, the government should increase policy support for Xing'an League's leading high-quality rice industry, providing comprehensive guarantees in terms of funding, technology, and markets to help Xing'an League's high-quality rice industry reach a higher level of development.