Jiangsu is one of the main rice producing provinces in China. In recent years, the rice planting area is about 2.2 million hm², the total yield of about 19.5 million tons and the yield per unit is nearly 9.0 t/hm². It plays an important role in ensuring the food security of Jiangsu and even the whole country. For a long time, the main goal of rice breeding in Jiangsu Province has been high yield. After entering the 21th century, high quality has become the primary goal of rice breeding in Jiangsu Province. This paper summarized the background of high-quality rice breeding in Jiangsu Province, the approach of improving eating quality and the progress of good eating japonica rice breeding, and analyzed the enlightenment of good eating quality japonica rice breeding and the development direction of eating quality improvement and high-quality breeding of rice in Jiangsu Province in the future, so as to provide enlightenment and reference for the rice breeders.