Under the conditions of field experiment, Yixiangyou 2115 was used as the test material, and two factors of soil fertility (high, relative high, medium and low) and nitrogen application levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm²) were set up, the effects of nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation, transportation, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and yield of hybrid indica rice under different soil fertility condition were studied. The results showed that in the range of 0~225 kg/hm² nitrogen application rate, the dry matter accumulation of before heading and maturity stage increased with the nitrogen application rate increased. From heading stage to mature stage, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, stem-leaf dry matter transport amount and stem-leaf dry matter transport contribution rate to panicle increased first and then decreased. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen absorption utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity, as well as 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate gradually decreased, the number of grains per panicle and yield increased first and then decreased, while the effective panicle number increased. With the decrease of soil fertility conditions, the dry matter accumulation of before and after heading and mature stage and stem-leaf dry matter transport and the contribution rate of stem-leaf dry matter transport to panicle decreased, the fertilizer-N recovery efficiency and physiological efficiency also decreased, while the partial productivity of applied N first increased and then decreased. The number of effective panicles and yield increased with the improvement of soil fertility, while the number of grains per panicle decreased. Regression analysis showed that under the conditions of high, relative high, medium and low soil fertility, the highest yields of rice were 10 829.94, 10 107.20, 9 757.30 and 9 112.37 kg/hm², respectively, and the appropriate nitrogen application rates were 141.96, 165.47, 154.86 and 152.98 kg/hm², respectively. In conclusion, moderate nitrogen application rate can make hybrid indica rice obtain higher dry matter accumulation and transport capacity under different soil fertility conditions, as well as higher nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, so as to achieve high and stable yield of hybrid indica rice.