Rice cultivation in Zhejiang Province has a profound historical and cultural foundation, which can be traced back to the Shangshan culture period 10 000 years ago. It has been gradually formed through prehistoric period such as the Kuahuqiao Culture, Hemudu Culture, Majiabang Culture and Liangzhu Culture. Through continuous improvement in various historical periods, a rich and diverse cultural heritage of rice agriculture is still preserved today. According to statistics, the resources of rice agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province are not only in the forefront of the country in quantity, but also rich in types, which have the value of history and culture, economy and society, ecology and environment, promotion and demonstration. On the basis of summarizing the formation and evolution of rice culture in Zhejiang Province and the distribution characteristics of prehistoric rice culture sites, this paper discussed the relationship between rice agricultural heritage systems and prehistoric rice culture in Zhejiang Province, and then classified and analyzed the diverse value of rice agricultural cultural heritage in Zhejiang Province. Finally, the policy recommendations for the protection and development of rice agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province were put forward.