With the acceleration of industrialization and the intensification of agricultural activities, the issue of cadmium exceeding the standard in rice has become increasingly prominent due to the intertwined effects of geological conditions, climate change, and environmental pollution, posing a serious threat to food safety and human health. As a toxic heavy metal, cadmium accumulation in rice not only affects the quality of rice but also may enter the human body through the food chain, leading to chronic poisoning and other health problems. Therefore, exploring safe, efficient, green, and economical methods to remove cadmium from contaminated rice grains and developing high-value utilization technologies for cadmium-contaminated rice have become research topics of great concern in the context of the development of new productive forces. This paper comprehensively reviewed the effectiveness of various removal technologies in reducing cadmium content in rice grains, deeply analyzed their mechanisms of action, applicable scenarios, cost-effectiveness, and other dimensions. At the same time, this paper also elaborated on high-value utilization technologies for cadmium-contaminated rice post-harvest, which not only aim to effectively reduce cadmium content but also focus on extracting and efficiently utilizing beneficial components in rice grains, thereby maximizing resource value. These high-value utilization technologies have certain economic and environmental benefits and can provide new raw material sources for related industries, promoting the extension and upgrading of the industrial chain. Moreover, this paper identifies the key directions for future industry research.