In this paper, the research results on abundance-deficiency index(ADI) of soil available P(SAP) and soil available K(SAK) for rice and appropriate nutrient application rate(ANAR) of P and K conducted in China were systematically summarized. The results showed that the ADI of SAP had a rising trend and the ADI of SAK had a downward trend in China in recent 30 years. There were considerable differences in their ADI of SAP and SAK in different regions, and the ADI of soil Olsen-P and soil NH4OAc-K for rice for 90% relative yield (RY) of the complete nutrients treatment (CNT) except P or K changed from 2.5 to 46 mg/kg and from 21 to 202 mg/kg, respectively. Except the 4 provinces of Liaoning, Fujian, Guangdong and Yunnan, the researches on ADI of SAP and SAK for rice in China had many blank regions. Soil P and K deficiency for rice in China were common, and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAP and SAK for rice focused on level 2~4, and most RYs of the CNT except P or K were between 70%~100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient, the number of trial sites should not be too little, and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. ANAR and the abundance-deficiency level of soil nutrient were linear negative correlation. ANAR and the yield goal of rice were linear positive correlation. ANAR and the nutrient fertilizer use efficiency in current season (NFUEICS) were linear negative correlation. When the NFUEICS of P was 20% and the target yield was 4.5~15 t/hm2, the ANAR of P for rice of the SAP abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low were 0、20~68、41~135、61~203、81~270、101~338 and 122~405 kg/hm2, respectively. When the NFUEICS of K was 50% and the target yield was 4.5~15.0 t/hm2, the ANAR of K for rice of the SAK abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low were 0, 22~72, 43~144, 65~216, 86~288, 108~360 and 130~432 kg/hm2, respectively.