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20 May 2019, Volume 25 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Transformation and Development of Rice Cultivation Technology in China 2019, 25(3): 1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (715KB) ( )   This paper analyzed the innovation of rice production technology and its contribution to the development of rice production in China, the new situation of the transformation and development of rice industry, and the demand for rice production technology. The evolvement of rice varieties and the progress of rice production technology promoted the improvement of rice production capacity and production in China. At present, rice production is restricted by natural resources, labor force, production cost, rice price, production efficiency and other factors. Consumers demand high-quality and safe rice, and all sectors of society request green rice production. In order to realize the upgrading and green development of rice production, the research and innovation of cultivation technologies including high quality and high yield, efficient utilization of fertilizer and water, mechanization of rice production and IT supported production, impact of climate change and disaster prevention and control, and new rice cropping system should be strengthened.

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Some Thinking on the Right Way of Rice Cultivation Practice and Research 2019, 25(3): 6-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (830KB) ( )   Based on my working speciality, my thinking on the subject of "right way of rice cultivation practice and research" is comprised of three aspects. （1）The way learned from history of rice cultivation. The basic principles of rice cultivation accumulated in ancient China can advise us to make better innovations of rice cultivation technology: what should we stick to? what do we have to reform?（2） The way of scientific principal, i.e. the principle of advanced cultivation technology. Take the theory and technology system of rice precise and quantitative cultivation as an example. Firstly, the development pattern and the diagnose indices for each development stage of high-yield population must be clarified for the practice of high-yield cultivation, then the functional principle of each regulation technology in the population formation and the precise and quantitative method (right time, right dosage) have to be illustrated, so that the precise and quantitative rice cultivation technology scheme can be developed and applied in the field practice; finally, after verification in the high-yielding field practices, the "theory and technology system" was matured and established. In this paper, the growth mode, diagnose indices, calculation formula and the right time and appropriate quantity of application are scientifically explained.（3） The way of pursuing research. In the research of developing rice cultivation theory and technology, scientists should comply with scientific ethics, respect other scientists' property rights, and curb bad research practice.

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Green Effects and Development Measures of the Combination of Planting and Breeding Technology in Paddy Field 2019, 25(3): 11-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (631KB) ( )   The green development of agriculture has become the consensus and goal of the whole society in the new era. In recent years, in order to optimize the planting and breeding mode in rice fields, realize the supply-side reform of high-quality rice, and improve the ecological environment of rice field, continue to meet people's demand for green and high-quality agricultural products, the combination of planting and breeding mode in paddy field（CPBP） has been developed rapidly. CPBP not only provides high-quality rice and rich aquatic products or ducks, but also meets people's life experience and leisure sightseeing, and plays an ecological role in increasing efficiency. As a sustainable development model of ecological circular agriculture, CPBP has obvious comprehensive effects of reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides, stabilizing rice yield and increasing benefit, saving resources and friendly environment. It is an important way to realize agricultural green development, rural revitalization and accurate poverty alleviation. In this paper, the green effects of CPBP was summarized, and the main problems and development ways were discussed in order to provide some references for the green and healthy development of rice ecosystem.

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Research Progress on the Mechanism of High Water Use Efficiency in Rice 2019, 25(3): 15-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (829KB) ( )   Rice is main food crop in China and around world, and it is the biggest consumer in the agricultural water resources. The water use efficiency of rice has always been a research hotspot in resource use efficiency of agriculture. This study summarized the mechanism of high water use efficiency in rice from the definition of water use efficiency, water-requiring property, plant type, leaf type, stomatal characteristics, leaf photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics, root morphology and physiology, water absorption and transportation, plant hormones and molecular mechanisms. The effects of environmental factors, soil characteristics, water management, fertilizer application and other aspects on the high water use efficiency in rice were investigated, and the existing problems and prospects for future research were analyzed.

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Research Progress on Effects of Interactions between Water and Nitrogen on Yield Formation in Rice 2019, 25(3): 21-25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (614KB) ( )   Synergistic use of water and nitrogen, which are mutual promotion and mutual restriction, is an important approach to increase crop yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency. In this paper, the effects of water-nitrogen interaction, influence of water-nitrogen interaction on yield formation, and the cultivation techniques of high yield and high efficiency in rice were summarized, and current problems and future research prospects were analyzed. These would provide theoretical references for high-yield, good quality and high-efficiency cultivation of rice.

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Effects of Different Fertilizers on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Double Cropping Rice in South China 2019, 25(3): 26-32.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (879KB) ( )   The fertilizer types and the fertilization methods affect the yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice. In this paper, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer types on rice yield, yield components, material translocation, fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that, compared with the controlled release fertilizer（the contents of N, P, K were 25%, 6% and 19% respectively）, the SPAD values of heading date of the traditional compound fertilizer（the conetnts of N, P, K were 15% respectively） and Kuaimei mixed fertilizer （the contents of N, P, K were 24%, 7% and 19% respectively） were increased significantly, and the dry matter accumulation of panicles, its accumulation rate and sink capacity were increased by 2.7%~17.1%, 1.6%~17.1% and 5.4%~11.0%, respectively, the total N uptake, N fertilizer recycling efficiency, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, partial factor productivity of applied N were enhanced by 9.4%~38.2%, 26.6%~102.4%, 19.3%~76.7% and 4.5%~15.1%, respectively. Under the conditions of this test, Kuaimei mixed fertilizer was the ideal fertilizer to improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping rice in South China.

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Development and Application of New Liquid Rice Seedbed Conditioner-Miaozhuangfeng 2019, 25(3): 33-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (459KB) ( )   Solid rice seedbed conditioner was used frequently in rice seedling raising and it is time-consuming and difficult to mix evenly. In order to solve this problem, we have successfully developed a liquid rice seedbed conditioner - Miaozhuangfeng, which could be used though seed mixing/coating or spraying when sowing or after sowing before bud or seedling standing period. This liquid rice seedbed conditioner contains nutrients of N, P2O5, K2O≥210 （140-45-25） g/L, organic matter content≥30 g/L, pH value≤6, and microelements≥5.5 （including Zn≥2.0） g/L. In addition, some ingredients were also added to promote root system development, improve photosynthetic efficiency and control nutrient loss. Compared with the existing products, it is not only safe for seedling emergence and convenient to use and labor saving, but also efficient to cultivate strong seedlings with developed roots, moderate plant height, thickened cauloid, which could increase dry matter weight and seedling age elasticity. According to the experiment in haian in 2017, compared with the blank control, spraying Miaozhuangfeng before bud after sowing could improve the seedling quality, the number of white roots increased by 40.5%, plant height decreased by 1.98 cm, basal stem width increased by 38.9%, leaf SPAD value increased by 55.1%, and dry matter weight of 100 seedlings increased by 44.9%. Moreover, application technology was put forward in this article for its better use.

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Effects of Nitrogen Management and Plant Density on Grain Yield and Quality of Mid-season Hybrid Rice in Rice-Ratoon Rice System 2019, 25(3): 37-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (763KB) ( )   A field experiment was conducted at Luzhou City in 2016—2017, in order to explore the effects of plant density and nitrogen management on yield formation and quality of hybrid mid-season rice in rice-ratoon rice system. The results showed that, under the same transplanting density, the yield of main rice and ratoon rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the condition of high density （D3, 2.4×105 hills/hm2）, the nitrogen application amount under N2 treatment （precision fertilizer based on the leaf measured, PFLM）was decreased by 7.8% on average compared with N1 treatment（N application rate was 225 kg/hm2）, but the yield in the first season, the yield in regeneration season and the total yield in the two seasons were increased by 4.9%, 15.4% and 6.8% respectively compared with N1 treatment. With the increase of transplanting density, the number of effective panicles in the first season and regeneration season of hybrid rice showed an increasing trend, the grain number per spike showed a decreasing trend （except ratoon rice in 2017）. In the first season, the effective panicle number of N1 treatment was 5.7% higher than that of N2 treatment on average, but the grain number per panicle and spikelets were 9.2% and 3.1% lower than that of N2 treatment, respectively; in the regeneration season, the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and spikelets of N2 treatment were 10.2%, 9.0% and 18.2% higher than that of N1 treatment, respectively. Compared with the N1 treatment, the protein content of N2 treatment was increased by 6.9% on average in the first season, but decreased by 1.8% in the regeneration season. The processing quality, appearance quality and grain size in the first season and regenerated season were less different between different treatments. In general, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate with D3N2 combination were relatively high, while the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree were relatively low. Therefore, it is suggested that in the ratoon rice production system in the study area, the transplanting density of 2.4×105 hills/hm2 with PFLM technique were more suitable.

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Analysis on the Reduction Potential of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Double-cropping Rice Area Based on Nutrient Expert System 2019, 25(3): 44-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (552KB) ( )   It is still unclear about the potential of chemical fertilizer reduction among different soil fertility levels in the double-cropping rice area of China. In this study, the field experiments were conducted in the higher, medium and lower soil fertility levels of fields in double-cropping rice area. The treatments were different rates of nitrogen （N） fertilizers, which included the N rate from the Nutrient Expert system （NE） and the N rates increasing or decreasing of 15%, 30% and 45% based on N application rate recommended by NE. Then, the rice yield and its relationship with N rates were analyzed. The results showed that: the yield of early and late rice was followed by higher fertility > medium fertility > lower fertility. Compared with the lower fertility, the yield of early rice in the medium and high fertility levels were increased by 2.30%~8.56%, and they were increased by 13.56%~17.94% in late rice. For the treatment of decreasing 30% and 45% N fertilizer on the basis of NE, the yield of early rice were decreased by 8.05%~12.52% among the higher, medium and lower soil fertility levels than the NE treatment; while their yield of late rice were decreased by 2.03%~6.67%, respectively, excepted for the lower soil fertility. However, compared with the NE treatment, the yield of early and late rice was no significant decrease in the treatments of decreasing N fertilizer by 15% and the increasing of 15%, 30% and 45% N rates on the basis of NE among different soil fertility levels. Furthermore, the yield potential in different soil fertility levels and the corresponding rational amount of N fertilizer were followed that higher fertility was the higher than the medium fertility and lower fertility through the fitting equation. It indicated that the N fertilizer could be reduced by 12.94%~34.07% for 95% yield potential by using the NE model. Meanwhile, the N reduction rate of higher fertility was significantly lower to maintain higher yield than those of the medium and lower fertility levels. Therefore, in the double-cropping rice areas of southern China, the NE model could achieve the reduction of N fertilizer and the improvement of efficiency among higher, medium and lower soil fertility levels. There are differences in the proportion of N fertilizer reduction in different soil fertility levels.

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Effects of Fertilization at Full Heading Stage on Cd Accumulation in Rice 2019, 25(3): 49-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (486KB) ( )   The objective of the study was to explore the effects of fertilization on Cd accumulation in rice at full heading stage and to improve rice cadmium control technology. A field plot experiment was carried out, under the condition that the amount of fertilizer applied before heading （basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer） was consistent, four grain fertilizer levels （T1, 77.59 kg/hm2 urea was applied at the heading stage; T2, 116.39 kg/hm2 urea was applied at the heading stage; T3, 155.18 kg/hm2 urea was applied at the heading stage ; T4, 193.75 kg/hm2 urea was applied at the heading stage ）were designed, and plant samples were collected after ripening to determine relevant indexes. The results showed that applying grain fertilizer could increase the yield of rice and the accumulation of aboveground parts of rice. The two varieties reached the highest yield under T4 treatment. Compared with CK （no nitrogen fertilizer applied during the whole growth stage）, the yield of Yuzhenxiang and Xiangwanxian 12 were increased by 18.66% and 34.59% respectively. There were significant differences in Cd accumulation among different treatments. The Cd content in roots and stems of the two varieties was the lowest under T1 treatment and was the highest under T4 treatment, and T1 treatment is significantly different with T4 treatment and CK. The Cd content in brown rice of Yuzhenxiang and Xiangwanxian 12 was the lowest under T1 treatment, and the Cd content in brown rice of Yuzhenxiang was the highest under T4 treatment and Xiangwanxian 12 was the highest under T3 treatment. The Cd content in brown rice of Xiangwanxian 12 under T1 treatment was significantly lower than CK. It is suggested that applying 77.59 kg/hm2 urea fertilizer at full heading stage is suitable for improving grain yield and quality safety.

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Study on the Synergetic Technology of Postponing and Decreasing Nitrogen Fertilizer of Rice in Yunnan Province 2019, 25(3): 53-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (559KB) ( )   In order to reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer, a field experiments was carried out at different ecological rice cropping areas in Yunnan province in 2016 and 2017.The results showed that with the decrease of nitrogen rate and the increase of the ratio of panicle nitrogen fertilizer, the grain yield of indica rice showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, the grain yield of japonica rice was stable increased by 3% companed to CK. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for indica rice increased from 7.11 kg/kg to 11.35 kg/kg, and for japonica rice was increased from 10.10 kg/kg to 19.59 kg/kg. The number of effective panicles and the number of spikelets per unit were decreased with the decrease of nitrogen rate and the decrease of basic tiller nitrogen fertilizer, but the numbers of spikelets per panicle, filled spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were increased. In a word, the target of reducing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing grain yield could be achieved by applying postponing and decreasing nitrogen fertilizer.

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Exploration and Practice on Cultivating Machine Transplanted Seedling by Mixture of Red Loess and Chaff 2019, 25(3): 57-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (410KB) ( )   The seedling matrix must be used in the large-scale transplanting machine. At present, the commercial organic matrix widely used in production could produce better quality seedlings, but the cost was too high, restricted the machine transplanting rice to spread widely. After several years of exploration and practice, a new matrix of red loess mixed with rice husks was developed. Compared with the commercial organic matrix widely used in production, the same quality rice seedlings can be produced by the matrix of red loess mixed with rice husks, and significantly reduced costs. It is suitable for large-scale and machine transplanting seedling raising in factories.

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Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Indica Hybrid Rice 2019, 25(3): 60-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (531KB) ( )   The effects of straw returning and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of indica hybrid rice Nei 5 you 5399 were studied. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation in the early and middle stages of rice in different organs of straw leaving treatment were significantly higher than that of straw returning treatment. The leaf nitrogen accumulation, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, physiological utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen grain production efficiency and total grain number per panicle of straw returning treatment in the late stage were significantly higher than that of straw leaving treatment. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the accumulation of nitrogen in rice organs at all stages tended to increase; the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, physiological utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen grain production efficiency and nitrogen dry matter production efficiency tended to decrease; agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen harvest index and yield tended to increase first and then decrease. Under the condition of straw returning and N application rate 150 kg/hm2, the maximum yield of indica hybrid rice was 9 758.02 kg/hm2, which was 18.9% higher than the combination of straw leaving and no nitrogen application, which could provide technical support for increasing rice yield in this area.

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Effects of Sowing Rate and Seedling Ages on the Quality of Seedling with Bowl Ｍechanical-traｎsplanting Ｍethod 2019, 25(3): 65-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (560KB) ( )   The effects of sowing rate and seedling age on the quality of seedling were studied by using indica hybrid rice C Liangyouhuazhan as experimental material. The results showed that with the decrease of seedling age, seedling height, leaf height and root-shoot ratio decrease, leaf age, stem base width, total root length, root surface area, root branch number and root tip number decrease first and then increase. The leaf area and root mean diameter increased first and then decreased, while the weight-to-height ratio showed an upward trend. With the increase of sowing rate, the seedling height, leaf age and leaf height decreased first and then increased, the stem width, dry weight and weight-to-height ratio, total root length, root surface area, root mean diameter and root branch decreased. While the root-shoot ratio increased first and then decreased. According to the results of subordinate function value analysis, the comprehensive quality of the seedlings of 55 d and the seeding rate 2/hole was the best treatment.

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Physiological Mechanism of Brassinolide on Alleviating High Temperature Stress of Rice at Flowering Stage 2019, 25(3): 70-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (627KB) ( )   In order to investigate the effects of EBR in alleviating high temperature stress of rice at flowering stage, the yield components of rice, pollen activity, percentage of anther dehiscence, physiological indicators and endogenous hormones were analyzed. In this study, the seed seeding rate, pollen activity and percentage of anther dehiscence significantly reduced under high temperature stress, while the seed setting rate, anther cracking percentage increased by 24.09% and 55.4%, and pollen activity of rice middle and lower parts of panicles increased by 8.64% and 24.2% by spraying EBR. The activity of SOD, POD, CAT was significantly reduced under high temperature stress, but EBR treatment significantly increased the activity of SOD by 51.76%. EBR treatment also greatly increased the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar under high temperature stress, which was helpful to alleviate high temperature stress. Under high temperature stress, the endogenous hormone ABA content increased, GA content decreased, while spraying EBR further increased ABA content by 4.78% and decreased GA content by 8.71%, indicating that EBR treatment can alleviate the damage of high temperature to rice by regulating the changes of endogenous hormones. In short, spraying EBR is an effective measure to reduce high temperature damage on rice.

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Variation of Coronal Micrometeorological Characteristics of Rice Resistant Varieties under High Temperature Conditions 2019, 25(3): 75-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (624KB) ( )   Modeling the rice heat damage process is an important way to study rice heat damage, and finding the parameters for simulation is the prerequisite for this work. In 2017, this experiment adopted the rice canopy micro-meteorological instrument MINCER developed in Japan to capture the canopy micro-meteorological parameters of different temperature-tolerant rice varieties （resistant/sensitive） at high temperature, and compared with the basic meteorological conditions in the vicinity of the test site. The results showed that, compared with the control point, when the heat damage occurred, the canopy temperature of the heat resistant variety N22 was decreased by 1.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 12.4 percentage point during 9∶00—19∶00; the canopy temperature was decreased by 0.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 1.8 percentage point during 20∶00—5∶00; the canopy temperature of the sensitive variety IR64 was decreased by 1.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 16.2 percentage point during 9∶00—19∶00; the canopy temperature was decreased by 0.6 ℃ and the relative humidity was increased by 2.3 percentage point during 20∶00—5∶00. When the heat damage occurs, the temperature and humidity in the rice canopy are different from the atmospheric environment, and the variation of the temperature and humidity in the daytime was greater than at nighttime, the canopy temperature was even higher than the control point sometimes. The results indicated that in the future, when setting the conditions for rice heat damage identification, simulating the damage process of rice heat damage and using mathematical models to simulate heat damage, the meteorological conditions should be distinguished between day and night, and the meteorological data used in the simulation should be mainly based on the canopy data, which is of great significance for improving the accuracy of model prediction.

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Evaluation of Heat Tolerance at the Flowering Stage for High Quality Rice in Southern China 2019, 25(3): 80-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (479KB) ( )   Heat resistance during heading-flowering was evaluated with 40 high quality rice combinations under high temperature conditions in phytotron. Heat tolerance of rice varieties was evaluated using seed setting rate and relative seed setting rate under high temperature. The result showed that, there are significant differences in heat tolerance and yield potential among varieties, N22, Huanghuazhan, HQ 5, Gui 1025, Guanghui 998 and Jinxiangnuo are heat tolerant combinations; Yuejingsimiao 2, SH14, Liyuanzhan 2, Liushayouzhan 202 and Yuguizhan are semi-heat tolerant combinations; OM4900、882H、93-11 and the others are heat sensitive combinations.

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Present Situation of Rice Production in Yunnan Province and Cuntermeasures for Green Development 2019, 25(3): 83-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (810KB) ( )   Yunnan is a major agricultural province, rice is the most important food crop in Yunnan province. It exists some constraints in rice production, such as the cost of rice production increased rapidly, the profit margin of cost decreased rapidly, and the benefit of rice planting low, the self-sufficiency rate of rice low, the brand influence not enough, the supply of high-quality and high-yield varieties insufficient, the degree of mechanization of rice low, the green, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation and fertilization technology of rice lack, etc. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from such aspects as “stabilize the planting area of rice, improve the comparative benefit of rice planting, increase the breeding and application of new green, high-quality, multi-resistant and high-yielding varieties, study and apply the mechanization technology throughout the whole process”, to ensure the safety of Yunnan rice production and build the green rice industry with the characteristics of Yunnan plateau, promote the sustainable green and stable development of rice industry in Yunnan province.

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Effects of Personal Characteristics and Rice Planting Area on Extension of Mechanical Transplanting Rice 2019, 25(3): 89-91.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (494KB) ( )   Based on the survey data collected of 8 counties （districts） in Jiangxi province, the effects of farmers’ personal characteristics and rice planting area on extension of mechanical transplanting rice were analyzed with grey relational degree model. The results showed that the grey correlation degree between rice planting area and personal characteristics and rice mechanical transplanting were 0.93 and 0.76 respectively, they were two important factors that affecting the extension of mechanical transplanting rice. Among the personal characteristics, educational level, age of the farmers and the total number of family labor force were the dominant factors, and their grey correlation coefficients with the main behavior of the system were 0.91, 0.86 and 0.83, respectively.

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Development Difficulties and Countermeasures of Mechanical Direct Seeding Rice in Guangxi 2019, 25(3): 92-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (769KB) ( )   The authors mastered the present situation of direct seeding rice, summarized the main problems and corresponding technical measures in the development of direct seeding rice in Guangxi province, through those ways of field investigation, scientific experiment and literature inquiry. The difficulties in developing mechanical direct seeding rice in Guangxi province are as follows: lack of suitable varieties and limited adaptability of existing direct seeding machines; it is difficult to form enough seedlings with one time sowing and difficult to control weeds in paddy fields and so on. And put forward the corresponding technical countermeasures, hope to provide some guidances for Guangxi to develop mechanical direct seeding rice.

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Application Effects of Several New Fertilizers on Late Rice Huanghuazhan 2019, 25(3): 97-100.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (540KB) ( )   To compare the effects of several new fertilizers on growth, yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency of late rice Huanghuazhan, an experiment was carried out in the field. The results showed that, the application fertilizer treatment could improve the yield of late rice compared with CK（conventional fertilizer application）. The treatment with sulfur coating urea fertilizer（SCU） had the highest yield and fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency, the economic benefit was the best.

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Effects of Fertilizer Application Rate of Synchronized Side-deep Fertilization Technology on Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Machine-transplanted Rice 2019, 25(3): 101-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (444KB) ( )   In order to improve rice fertilizer utilization and reduce pollution, a field test was conducted to study the effects of fertilizer application rate of synchronized side-deep fertilization technology on yield and fertilizer use efficiency of machine-transplanted rice, using N Liangyou 1998 and Wanxiangyouhuazhan as materials. The results showed that the synchronized side-deep fertilization technology could increase the number of tillers, grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency. The combination treatment with reduce 20% of tillering fertilizer and synchronized side-deep fertilization technology was the best. Compared with the wind feeding method, the screw side deep fertilization method has better effect.

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Effects of Fertilization Methods on Yiled and Quality of Japonica Rice in Cold Region 2019, 25(3): 105-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (332KB) ( )   There were some problems in rice production, such as the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy was not match, and the application of fertilizer was unreasonable, which greatly restricted the development of rice. In this study, Longgeng 21, a japonica rice variety in the cold region, was taken as the research material, and lateral deep fertilization technology was used as fertilization method. Under the condition that the amount of pure N （130 kg/hm2） was unchanged in the field, the effects of fertilization methods（S1, conventional fertilization; S2, organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer decrease 15% + side-deep fertilization; S3, side- deep fertilization） on yield and quality of japonica rice were studied. The results showed that S3 treatment significantly increased grain yield compared with S1 treatment, and the significant increase of effective panicles was the main factor for the increase of grain yield; milled rice quality of S2 treatment was significantly better than S1 and S3 treatment; chalky rice rate was S1>S3>S2, and the three fertilization treatments reached significant levels, with the chalkiness degree of S1 treatment significantly better than that of S3 and S2 treatment; amylose content of S2 treatment was significantly higher than S1 treatment; protein content showed that S1>S3>S2; taste quality was not affected by the change of fertilization methods. The results showed that side-deep fertilization could significantly increase the number of panicles per unit area, thus significantly increase grain yield, improve appearance quality and protein content of rice. Organic fertilizer N instead of part of chemical fertilizer N could significantly improve milling quality and appearance quality of rice, increase amylose content and reduce protein content.

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Effects of Controlled Irrigation on Growth and Yield of Rice Varieties in Southern Xinjiang 2019, 25(3): 108-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (454KB) ( )   Rice plays an irreplaceable role in the development of agricultural production in Xinjiang. However, the shortage of water resources has seriously affected rice production. The water demand, physiological and biochemical indexes, agronomic characters, yield and yield components of rice under controlled irrigation and conventional irrigation conditions were compared and analyzed in this paper, using Xindao 11 and xingeng 2 as materials. The results showed that the tiller number of conventional irrigation treatment was higher than that of controlled irrigation treatment, however, in the mature stage, the eventually effective tiller number and earing rate were less than the controlled irrigation treatment; compared with conventional irrigation, controlled irrigation could save water 134.4 m3 per 667 m2; the yield of Xindao11 and Xingeng 2 under controlled irrigation was 4.93% and 4.42% higher than that under conventional irrigation, the reason of controlled irrigation to increase yield is it has better spike length, grain number per spike, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight than conventional irrigation. Rice controlled irrigation technology can not only save water resources, but also improve rice yield, achieve cost-saving and efficiency, which is of great significance to the sustainable utilization of water resources.

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Investigation and Countermeasure of Rice Fertilizer Application in Hengyang City 2019, 25(3): 112-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (379KB) ( )   In order to fully master the technology of high efficiency utilization of fertilizer and water under reasonable density planting of rice, the personnel of Hengyang Institute of Agricultural Sciences conducted a survey on the application of rice fertilizer in Hengyang City in 2018. The results of the investigation showed that there are still some problems in fertilization of rice production in Hengyang City, mainly as follows: heavy nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, light potassium fertilizer; heavy shallow application, light deep application; heavy general fertilizer, light formula fertilizer; heavy chemical fertilizer, light organic fertilizer. At the same time, according to the existing problems, the measures should be taken to improve the fertilization level, guide the farmers to fertilize reasonably and improve the fertilizer utilization rate.

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Screening and Collocation of Early and Late Double Cropping Machine Direct-seeding Rice Varieties in Dongting Lake Area 2019, 25(3): 114-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (538KB) ( )   In order to screen out the appropriate mechanical direct seeding combinations of double cropping early and late rice, 12 early rice varieties and 14 late rice varieties （combinations） were comparison tested in Dongting Lake area. The results showed that, the early-season rice varieties were direct-seeding before April 1st, which could emerge safely and mature before July 15th, the yields of Zhongzao 39, Luliangyou 996 and Zhuliangyou 211 were higher, and achieved 8.25 t/hm2, 7.75 t/hm2 and 7.30 t/hm2 respectively. The late-season rice varieties were direct-seeding before July 19th, most of the cultivars could be full-heading before September 15th and mature before October 31th, the yields of Qiliangyou 007, Zhongzao 39 and Luliangyou 996 were higher, and achieved 7.23 t/hm2, 7.00 t/hm2 and 6.94 t/hm2 respectively. The study indicated that Zhongzao 39, Luliangyou 996 and Zhuliangyou 211 as early rice, together with Qiliangyou 007, Zhongzao 39 and Luliangyou 996 as late rice, were the appropriate combinations for the double-season mechanical direct seeding in Dongting Lake area. It was the apporiate period of direct seeding early rice before April 1st. It was the appopriate period of direct seeding late rice before July 20th.

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Simple Green and Convenient, Efficient Mode “Rice, Fish and Rapeseed Oil” Technology 2019, 25(3): 119-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.027 Abstract ( )   PDF (470KB) ( )   Industrial prosperity is the foundation of rural revitalization, while green and efficient agricultural industry development is the only way. The “rice, fish and rapeseed oil” simple green high-efficiency mode anniversary tackling technology （high quality rice + fresh fish + oil rape moss + rapeseed） was applied in Longyang district in 2018. The annual output value exceeds 75,000 yuan/hm2. It opens up a new way for the efficient development of agricultural industry in Longyang district. With the help of paddy fields fish and rape flower, Baoshan becomes a land of fish, rice and flowers, suitable for living, rich and beautiful.

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Technical Regulation for Green Production of Crab in Paddy Field 2019, 25(3): 122-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.028 Abstract ( )   PDF (568KB) ( )   In order to make efficient use of agricultural resources such as land, irrigation water, temperature and light, improve the yield and quality of rice and crab, and reduce the pollution of fertilizer and pesticides on rice, crab and surrounding environment, the technical regulations for green production of crab in paddy field was formulated according to the relevant provisions of green food production, combined with the current situation of crab breeding in paddy field in the coastal region of Liaoning province, and based on in-depth research and expert group review. From the aspects of preliminary preparation, engineering construction, rice production technology, crab culture technology and so on, the related requirements for raising crabs in rice fields were put forward.

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Discussion on the Key Techniques of Direct Seeding Rice in North China 2019, 25(3): 125-128.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.029 Abstract ( )   PDF (574KB) ( )   Direct seeding is the common way of rice cultivation at present, it has the characteristics of labor saving, effort saving and high efficiency, and is advantageous to mechanization operation. In recent years, direct seeding rice has developed rapidly in various parts of China. North China is the main production area of japonica rice in China in recent years. The key techniques of direct seeding rice planting in wheat stubble in this area play an important role in promoting the development of high and stable yield of rice. Based on this, the paper expounds systematically the key techniques of direct seeding rice in this area from the aspects of variety selection, direct seeding methods and field cultivation management, in order to provide theoretical guidance for high yield, high efficiency and safe production of rice in North China.

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Screening of Rice Varieties Suitable for Rice-fish System 2019, 25(3): 129-131.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.030 Abstract ( )   PDF (528KB) ( )   In order to screen the rice varieties suitable for rice-fish system, a test was conducted using Zhongzheyou 8, Yexiangyou 3, Guiyu9, Guihefeng, Y liangyou 1 and Changliangyou 8 as materials, under two planting patterns. The results showed that, Y liangyou 1 and Zhongzheyou 8 had the highest yield, which could be plant as mid-late maturing variety and late maturing variety during early-cropping season, respectively. Guiyu 9 showed moderate growth period, plant height, yield and leaf area index, it could be plant as middle maturing variety for rice-fish system. There was no significant difference of different planting patterns among these rice varieties related to tillers, plant height and yield. The wide and narrow row planting could provide more activity space than equal row planting, it was suitable for rice-fish system.

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Tehniques of Ratoon Rice in Northern Zhejiang Province and Its Benefit 2019, 25(3): 132-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.031 Abstract ( )   PDF (380KB) ( )   In 2018, Yuhang District introduced the cultivation technology of ratoon rice for the first time. The average yield of demonstration main crop rice was 10 201.5 kg/hm2, the average yield in the regeneration season was 5 401.2 kg/hm2, and the yield of rice in two seasons reached 15 602.7 kg/hm2, which achieved good results. The demonstration showed that the yield and benefit of ratoon rice were significantly higher than other planting modes. It was one of the effective ways to increase the multi-crop index of rice fields, increase the total output of grain and the benefits of growing grain.

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Application Effects of Different Nursery and Transplanting Methods on Late Rice 2019, 25(3): 135-136.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.032 Abstract ( )   PDF (355KB) ( )   In order to study the mechanization transplanting mode of late rice, a comparative experiment was carried out on 8 different nursery and transplanting methods, using Shengtaiyou 9712 as material. The results showed that the ordinary carpet seedling machine transplanting mode was mature and stable, it was the preferred extension mode of plain area, and the seedling throwing method could be used as a useful supplement in the production of late rice.

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Damage and Control of Early Spikes in Propagation of Dual-purpose Genic Male Sterile Lines in Rice 2019, 25(3): 137-139.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.033 Abstract ( )   PDF (379KB) ( )   Early ear phenomenon occurred in the breeding of dual-purpose nuclear sterile line, which not only affected the reproduction yield but also caused the difficulty of removing miscellaneous plants. Through the investigation and analysis of the causes of the early ear of the dual- purpose nuclear sterile line, it is related to the characteristics of varieties, climate reasons, environmental conditions and improper cultivation management. Effective measures should be taken to prevent early panicle, such as determination of suitable sowing date and seedling age, strictly control the sowing amount and improve seedling quality by fertilizing seedling field. Appropriate technical measures may also be adopted to remedy fields that may or have occurred early spikes.

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Approaches to Improve Rice Quality and Matching Cultivation Techniques in Hubei Province 2019, 25(3): 140-142.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.034 Abstract ( )   PDF (444KB) ( )   According to the current situation of the high-quality rice production and the climatic characteristics in Hubei province, The authors discussed the suitable regions and seasons for planting high-quality rice in Hubei Province. The concept of “three cultivation periods” was put forward, and on this basis, the authors pointed out the matching cultivation techniques to improve and control the quality of rice.