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20 March 2019, Volume 25 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Analysis of China’s Rice Industry in 2018 and the Outlook for 2019 2019, 25(2): 1-3.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (550KB) ( )   In 2018, China's rice area have been reduced, yield reached a record high level again. The yield exceeded 7.0 tons per hectare for the first time, and the total output has exceeded 200 million tons for eight years; the rice market remain weak and significantly weaker than 2017; the imports of rice slightly reduced but exports of rice increased obviously; the number of approved varieties increased significantly and the characteristic varieties began to develop; the technology for green farming developed rapidly, and the technology system for green farming have been gradually improved. The rice area is projected to decrease and the yield will hold steady in 2019, the market price of rice will stop falling and keep stable, the structure of varieties will continue to be optimized, and the technologies for green farming will be promoted acceleratly.

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Effects of Spraying Different Chemical Agents on Dry Matter Accumulation and Carbon-nitrogen Metabolism of Rice under Heat Stress Condition 2019, 25(2): 4-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (751KB) ( )   Rice variety of Lingliangyou 268 was used for pot experiment in this research. The rice leaves was sprayed with two concentrations chemical agents, which were 22.04 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate（KH2PO4） solution and 20.00 mmol/L calcium chloride（CaCl2） solution respectively, at the late booting stage for 3 days, and spraying distilled water as the control. Heat stress was conducted in artificial climate chamber for 5 days after spraying. The daily average temperature of artificial climate chamber was regulated at 35℃ by setting 40℃±0.5℃ from 6∶00 to 18∶00, and 30℃±0.5℃ from 18∶00 to 6∶00 of the next day. The photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, dry matter accumulation，nitrogen content and soluble sugar content of leaves and stems were measured two times, which were 5th day during heat stress and 5th day after heat stress finished respectively; the yield was measured at maturity stage, to study the effects of the two chemical agents on dry matter accumulation and carbon-nitrogen metabolism of rice under heat stress condition. The results showed that the two chemical agents improved photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of flag leaf, increased dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content and soluble sugar content of leaves and stems. The two chemical agents increased the grains per panicle, seed setting rate and grain weight per panicle of rice. The grains per panicle was 21.00 and 18.66 higher than CK, the seed setting rate was 10.83% and 5.90% higher than CK, grain weight per panicle weight was 0.44 g and 0.36 g higher than CK, respectively. The ability to resist heat stress for rice after spraying 22.04 mmol/L  KH2PO4 were better than that of spraying 20.00 mmol/L CaCl2.

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Study on Heat Resistance of Rice Super-dry Seeds and it's Application 2019, 25(2): 10-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (658KB) ( )   The drying method of super dry seeds of rice was selected and the high temperature resistance of seeds was tested in this paper, and the effects of storage resistance，the elimination of seed dormancy and the destruction of seed borne diseases were explored. The results showed that the safe and effective drying method for super dry seeds was two-stage method with low temperature（45℃） first and high temperature（65℃~75℃） later, the dry heat resistance of seeds from strong to weak was super dry seed> dry seed > fresh seed > wet seed > white seed. Under the seal storage condition, the super dry seeds could be stored for a long time and the seed germination rate could not be reduced. According to the characteristics of heat resistance of super dry seeds, the method of high temperature and dry heat could be used to break the seed dormancy and kill the transmission of diseases and insect pests with remarkable effect.

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Effects of Different Growth Regulators on Seedling Quality and Yield of Mechanical Transplanted Rice 2019, 25(2): 16-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (598KB) ( )   Effects of different growth regulators on seedling quality and yield of mechanical transplanted rice were studied, using Zhongzao 39 and Luliangyou 996 as experimental materials. The results showed that Zhongzao 39 and Luliangyou 996 had relatively larger leaf age, stem width and 100 fresh weight under the treatment of uniconazole soaking, which were 3.52 and 3.81 leaves, 0.25 cm and 0.27 cm, 21.15 g and 23.48 g, respectively; leakage rate, fallover rate, scarcity rate and hooking rate were decreased by 38.0% to 69.0%, 44.0% to 58.0%, 14.0% to 26.0%, and 22.0% to 40.0%, respectively; the whole growth period was shortened by 1~2 days; the highest yield reached 7.97 t/hm2 and 8.39 t/hm2, respectively. The yield of the treatment of paclobutrazol before sowing was the second, but it’s whole growth period was extended by 2 days. Moreover, uniconazole soaking was more effective in increasing yield of Zhongzao 39.

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Comparison of the Palatability and Eating Quality of “Daohuaxiang” and High Quality Rice Produced in Tianjin 2019, 25(2): 20-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (526KB) ( )   In order to compare the palability and eating quality of different rice varieties, a test was conducted using three high quality rice and the control Jinyuan 45 produced in Tianjin, and “Daohuaxiang” produced in Wuchang city, Heilongjiang province as materials. The results showed that the processing quality of high quality rice produced in Tianjin was better than that of “Daohuaxiang”, and the protein content was obviously higher than that of “Daohuaxiang”. Compared with “Daohuaxiang”, the highest viscosity and disintegration value of rice produced in Tianjin were lower, the reduction value was higher than that of “Daohuaxiang”, the gelatinization characteristics and comprehensive evaluation value of taste were poor.

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Morphological and Physiological Response of Seedlings of Different Fragrant Rice Genotype to Low Temperature 2019, 25(2): 24-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (557KB) ( )   The purpose of this study was to preliminary identify and evaluate the cold tolerance of different fragrant rice varieties at seedling stage, and to screen out the fragrant rice varieties with strong cold tolerance at seeding stage, finally to provide the basis for the hypothermia injury mechanism of fragrant rice at seedling stage. Taking super inbred fragrant rice variety Yuxiangyouzhan as control, the effects of low temperature on seedling quality, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） contents of seven inbred fragrant rice varieties （Basmati, Guixiangzhan, Nongxiang 18, Xiangwanxian 13, Xiangyaxiangzhan, Zhongxiang 1, Meixiangzhan 2） were studied. The survival rate of fragrant rice varieties Guixiangzhan, Nongxiang 18, Xiangwanxian 13, Zhongxiang 1 and Meixiangzhan 2 had no significant difference with the control, while the survival rate of Basmati and Xiangyaxiangzhan was significantly reduced. The variation range of dry weight of fragrant rice varieties was 14.84%~39.84%, and that of fresh weight was 2.17%~28.34%. With the low temperature treatment, Nongxiang 18, Xiangwanxian 13 and Zhongxiang 1 had higher survival rate than other cultivars, due to their dry weight and fresh weight were less affected. Moreover, the cultivars with higher survival rate showed some advantages in photosynthetic physiological characteristics, fluorescence characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities. Guixiangzhan, Nongxiang 18, Xiangwanxian 13, Zhongxiang 1 and Meixiangzhan 2 showed strong low temperature resistance, while Basmati and Xiangyaxiangzhan were poor.

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Developing Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines with Xiushui 134 as Recurrent Parent and Yangdao 6 as Donor Parent 2019, 25(2): 29-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (912KB) ( )   Chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs）, a powerful tools for identifying favorable alleles in unadapted germplasm, is being widely used. In this study, the authors developed a set of CSSL population consisting of 53 lines which were derived from the recipient Xiushui 134 and the dono Yangdao 6. The CSSL length of substitution segments ranged from 7.4 to 182.15 cM, it accounted averagely for 5.0% （from 0.49% to 12.15%） of whole rice genome. The total length of substitution segments including 12 chromosomes was 1 995 cM, which was 1.33 times as long as the whole rice genome. In conclusion, strategy for developing CSSL and its application were discussed.

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Study on Agronomic Traits and Anthocyanin Pigment Accumulation of Yanghei 3 2019, 25(2): 35-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (630KB) ( )    Black rice anthocyanin pigment is the main substance of black rice seed coat and glume coloration. It is a plant polyphenol compound and has many physiological activities such as antioxidation, improvement of microcirculation, and improvement of visual acuity. In this study, Yanghei 3 was used as material to study the effects of environmental factors such as effective accumulated temperature, altitude and sowing time on anthocyanin production during the development of caryopsis in black rice, and the effects of external environmental factors such as temperature and altitude on the yield and anthocyanin production of black rice. The results showed that, anthocyanins had a time-lapse in the carob peel deposition, and the black rice anthocyanin accumulation was in the milk ripening stage and the wax ripening stage, and the main accumulation time was 2~4 weeks after heading; the high air temperature is not conducive to the coloration of caryopsis, moderate temperature can prolong the coloring time of caryopsis, select the appropriate sowing time, make the caryopsis growth period of rice plants in strong light, the average temperature is 21°C~23°C, the large temperature difference in the fall between day and night would increase the yield and the content of anthocyanins; Yanghei 3 is suitable for growing in the area below 800 m altitude, the most suitable area is the area below 700 m altitude. In the plain region with altitude below 500 m, the suitable time for seeding of black rice variety is in the middle of April, the suitable time for seeding is in the late first ten-days period of April in 500~600 m altitude area and the suitable time for seeding is in the early April in the 600~700 m altitude area.

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Obtainment of Rice Mutants for the Gene OsDUF393 Based on CRISPR/Cas9 System 2019, 25(2): 40-45.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (817KB) ( )   DUFs protein families are a large of uncharacterized protein families with unknown functional domain. Transcription profile and protein profile revealed that DUF protein play a crucial role in the biological process of development and growth. Therefore, the study of DUFs gene function will be helpful to understand the complicated mechanism of growth and development of organisms. To investigate biological function of the rice gene OsDUF393 （Domains of Unknown Function 393）, the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique was employed.  In this study, we constructed a CRISPR/Cas9 vector editing OsDUF393 of rice and introduced it into rice variety Zhonghua11 to produce transgenic plants by Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation method. Totally 100 T0 transgenic plants were obtained. Sequencing analysis of the target sites showed that there are two types of mutations in the transgenic plants, including single base insertions and long fragment deletions. The expression level of OsDUF393 gene in the mutant was analyzed by RT-PCR, and the results showed that the transcription level of the target gene was decreased in different homozygous editing mutants. The results indicated that the OsDUF393 gene was edited successfully by CRISPR/Cas9 system. Taken together, these mutants are suitable materials for OsDUF393 function study.

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Analysis of the Backbone Parents of Rice Varieties Registered in Heilongjiang Province Between 2010 and 2014 2019, 25(2): 46-49.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (431KB) ( )    The pedigree of 84 rice varieties approved in Heilongjiang province from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the backbone parents of the first accumulated temperature zone varieties had Liaojing 5, Hejiang 20, Zhuangnei 32, Qiuguang and Wuyoudao 1. the backbone parents of the second accumulated temperature zone varieties had Suigeng 4, Suigeng 3, Kongyu 131 and Kendao 10 ; the backbone parents of the third accumulated temperature zone varities had Suigeng 4, Suigeng 3, Kongyu 131. 6 rice varieties have been authorized in 2010—2014 in the fourth accumulated temperature zone, Kongyu 131 derives two varieties. Songqian, Tengxi 138, Fushiguang, Tengxi 137, Xiayi and Hejiang 20 were the backbone parents from these backbone parents and then traced back.

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Identification and Evaluation of New Rice Germplasm Resistant to Diseases and Insect Pests in Hainan 2019, 25(2): 50-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (438KB) ( )   Rice blast, bacterial blight, Tryporyza incertulas and brown planthopper were major diseases and pests in Hainan province. In order to select multi-resistant rice varieties, the natural induced disease nursery identification and field spray and artificial inoculation identification were carried out with 7 new rice germplasms in Hainan. The results showed that the restorer line Haihui 1558 was resistance to rice blast and yellow rice borer, moderate resistance to bacterial blight, the restorer line Haihui 227 was resistance to bacterial blight and yellow rice borer, Hainonghong 1 was resistance to bacterial blight and middle resistance to rice blast, Haifengheinuo 2 was moderate resistance to bacterial blight and yellow rice borer.

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Research Progress on Local Rice Varieties of Kam Sweet Rice in Southeast of Guizhou 2019, 25(2): 53-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (876KB) ( )   Kam sweet rice is a kind of local characteristic rice varieties, which is planted for a long time and widely in Dong minority areas. They are suitable for local geographical and climatic conditions. They have cold resistance, disease resistance, barren tolerance, drought tolerance and water logging tolerance, shading tolerance, good nutritional quality and strong aroma. The southeast of Guizhou province is the main planting area of kam sweet rice, and they play an important role in the local national culture, ecological environment and economic development. This paper summarized the research status of kam sweet rice in southeast of Guizhou province, and put forward some prospects and suggestions for the development in the future.

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Effects of Seedling Age on Yield and Yield Formation of Different Types Japonica Rice with Bowl Mechanical-transplanting Method 2019, 25(2): 59-63.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (544KB) ( )   In order to identify the suitable seedling age of bowl mechanical-transplanting rice, a field experiment was carried out using medium-maturing medium japonica rice Liangeng 10, late-maturing medium japonica rice Nangeng 9108 and indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 as materials in Huaibei area, to study the effects of seedling age on growth period, yield and yield components, tiller dynamics, leaf area and dry matter production of japonica rice. The results showed that, Liangeng 10 has highest yield of 710.68 kg/667 m2 when the seedling age was 20 days, Nangeng 9108 and Yongyou 2640 have highest yield when seedling age were 35 days, the yield was 749.26 kg/667 m2 and 849.38 kg/667 m2 respectively. It can be seen that different types of japonica varieties have different suitable seedling age. In actual production, we should choose the suitable variety types according to the arrangement of stubbles and growth period of varieties, to give full play to the advantages of bowl mechanical-transplanting rice in high yield, high quality and high efficiency.

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Yield Advantage of Water-saving and Drought-resistance Rice Cultivar Huyou 2 under Water-saving Irrigation and Its Physiological Basis 2019, 25(2): 64-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (618KB) ( )   In order to explore the yield advantage and physiological basis of water-saving and drought-resistance rice varieties under water-saving irrigation, the planting performance of one newly bred water-saving and drought-resistance cultivar Huyou 2 and high-yielding cultivar Nei 5 you 8015 under conventional irrigation and water-saving irrigation modes was compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in yield of two test varieties under conventional irrigation, the yields are higher than 9 t/hm2. Compared with conventional irrigation, under water-saving irrigation the yield of Nei 5 you 8015 significantly reduced by 27.4%, but the yield of Huyou 2 reduced little. Higher grain yield and higher water use efficiency of water-saving and drought-resistance rice cultivar under water-saving irrigation should be attributed to the following aspects: greater tillering ability and higher percentage of productive tillers, more spikelets per panicle and higher seed setting rate, larger root biomass and deeper root distribution at heading stage, higher root activity at re-watering period.

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Effects of Silicon Fertilizer on Yield and Physiological and Ecological Characteristics of Early Indica Rice with Machine Direct Seeding 2019, 25(2): 67-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (537KB) ( )   A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of silicon fertilizer on yield of early indica rice and its eco-physiology characteristics under mechanical direct seeding, using conventional early indica rice Jiangzao 361 as material. The results showed that silicon fertilizer could significantly enhance grain yield of early indica rice by 13.18%, compared with CK. Silicon fertilizer could promote root development, increase root vigor, shorten stem internode, promote basal internode enrichment, improve leaf morphology and increase photosynthetic efficiency of flag leaf of early indica rice. In addition, silicon fertilizer could improve the nutrient uptake and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon in grain. The application of silicon fertilizer on machine direct seeding early rice has better physiological and ecological characteristics.

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Application of Wide-narrow Row Cultivation Techniques on Ratooning Rice 2019, 25(2): 72-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (373KB) ( )   The effects of wide-narrow row cultivation technique on ratooning rice were studied, using Fengliangyouxiang 1 as material. The results showed that the wide-narrow row cultivation technique increased the ventilation and light transmittance among the rice and reduced the occurrence of sheath blight and rice blast; it was convenient to apply medicine and fertilizer mechanically in the field, and could reduce the mechanical damage to rice; it could reduce the mechanical rolling of rice when harvesting; the wide-narrow row cultivation technique could be fully exerted the marginal effect of rice, and achieved higher yield.

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Effects of Herbal Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Quality of Rice with Drip Irrigation under Mulch Film 2019, 25(2): 75-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (377KB) ( )   The effects of Chinese herbal fertilizer on the growth period, tillering dynamics, plant height and agronomic characters of drip irrigation under mulch film were studied, a field experiment was conducted using rice varieties C1 and C2 as materials. The results showed that, herbal fertilizer could shorten the growth period of rice with drip irrigation under mulch film, improve the plant height and the effective tillering ratio, reduce the occurrence of ineffective tillering; it could increase thousand grain weight and decrease amylose content, eventually increase the yield and improve the quality of rice with drip irrigation under mulch film.

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Effects of Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Disease on Yield of Rice 2019, 25(2): 77-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (551KB) ( )   Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease lead to low or no yield of some paddy rice each year since the first time which has been found in 2001. At present, there are few reports about the effect of the disease on yield of rice. This study investigated the effects of this disease and the effects of different control measures on rice yield under field condition. The results showed that there was no significant difference among different rice varieties when they are slightly （disease grade 1） infected by SRBSDV on seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. The seed setting rate of the same rice variety were decreased significantly with the severity of the disease. The SRBSDV disease index （6.0） of scientific control field was significantly lower than that of farmers' self-control field （48.6%）. The yield loss of farmer's field was over 65% than scientific control field. The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for understanding the effects of different incidence degree of the disease on yield of rice.

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Study on Wide-narrow Row Planting of Direct Seeding Rice in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Region 2019, 25(2): 81-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   The effects of wide-narrow row planting and same row planting on plant height, tiller number, yield and main economic characters of direct seeding rice were studied in this paper, using Fuyuan 4 and Dongdao 4 as materials. The results showed, wide-narrow row planting could increase the plant height, tiller number, earing percentage, dry matter accumulation, and significantly increase the yield of direct seeding rice. Compared to the same row planting, the effective panicle number, total grain number, seed setting rate and yield of Fuyuan 4 and Dongdao 4 using wide-narrow row planting were increased by 18.5% and 4.3%, 18.08% and 1.8%, 0.26% and 0.47%, 7.78% and 3.00%, respectively. All of these results indicated that the yield of direct seeding rice in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region would increase greatly under wide-narrow row planting.

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Occurrence and Integrated Control of Weedy Rice in Rice Field with Drip Irrigation under Mulch Film 2019, 25(2): 84-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (449KB) ( )   The paper reviewed the concept, occurrence, morphological characteristics of weedy rice, its influence on rice under mulch drip irrigation and the comprehensive control of weedy rice. It was clear that weedy rice was a main weed in rice field, which is very similar to rice. Therefore, it is difficult to control weedy rice. Only by adopting provenance control, strengthening cultivation management and developing integrated herbicide control, we could effectively control the spread and harm of weedy rice.

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Effects of Biomass Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Rice in Dandong Area 2019, 25(2): 86-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (318KB) ( )   The effects of biological fertilizer on the quality of rice was studied under different nitrogen levels in Dandong area using Dangeng 17, Dangeng 21 and Zhongdan 4 as materials. The results showed that biomass fertilizer could improve the length-width ratio, significantly reduce the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree, increase the gel consistency, crude fat content and amylose content of rice, and improve the taste value and eating quality of rice under different nitrogen levels.

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Preliminary Study on Key Techniques and Benefit of Rice-duck Farming in Jiangyou City 2019, 25(2): 89-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (363KB) ( )   The rice-duck farming was implemented in Jiangyou city in recent years. It has built the local agricultural brand of “TAIWO ecological rice”and “TAIWO ecological duck”, and created good econornic, social and ecological benefits. This paper briefly introduced the key techniques and benefit of the rice-duck farming from the aspects of variety selection, fertilizer and water management, duck grazing, diseases, pests and weeds control, and storage, in the hope of provide reference for farmers in Hilly area of Sichuan.

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Effects of Different Seedling Raising Methods on Seedling Quality, Transplanting Performance and Yield of Rice 2019, 25(2): 91-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (473KB) ( )   In order to provide a theoretical basis and technological support for choosing the suitable seedling raising method for rice, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of standardized seedling raising and field mud seedling raising on seedling quality, transplanting performance and yield of rice using Fengliangyou 1 as material. The results showed that the field mud seedling raising method resulted in better seedling quality but lower seedling evenness compared with the standardized seedling raising method. The standardized seedling raising method displayed better transplanting performance, such as lower rate of injury seedling and missing seedling, and higher evenness and efficiency. Due to higher effective panicles, the yield of standardized seedling raising method was significantly higher than that of the field mud seedling raising method.

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Breeding and Application of Huiliangyou 985, a New Two-line Medium Indica Hybrid Rice Combination with High Quality and Strong Disease Resistance 2019, 25(2): 94-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (384KB) ( )   Huiliangyou 985 is a new hybrid indica rice with high quality, strong disease resistance and high yield, bred by Rice Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, developed from the cross of CMS line 1892S and restorer line 9Z007. It has the characteristics of moderate growth period, high yield and stable yield, resistant to fertilizer, strong disease resistance, high quality and high yield of seed production. It was approved by Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Committee in July 2017. The breeding process, main cultivation techniques and seed production techniques were summarized in this paper.

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Mechanized High Yield Integration Cultivation Techniques of Japonica Rice and Wheat with Total Straw Returning 2019, 25(2): 97-98.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (279KB) ( )   The high yield techniques of japonica rice Nangeng 9108 mechanical transplanting and wheat Ningmai 14 mechanical sowing with total straw returning were elaborated in this article from cultivation mode, sowing date, total straw returning, wheat machine sowing in line, rice seedling raising, fertilizer management, pest and weed control and field management. These results would provide technical support for the production of rice and wheat under the special condition of full straw returning.

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Application Analysis of Direct-seeding Rice Cultivation by Rolling Machine in Mountainous Areas of Yunnan 2019, 25(2): 99-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (516KB) ( )   Manual transplanting is a successful cultivation method for increasing rice yield in China. However, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of agricultural production development, due to the rapid development of urbanization and sharply decrease of rural labor force. Therefore, in order to ensure the sustainable production of rice in future, it has becoming an important research direction to explore and develop methods of laborsaving and simplified cultivation in future. In this study, the comparison test was carried out with high quality Babao rice, which used two methods of manual transplanting and direct-seeding by rolling machine in 2015—2016. The results showed that the whole growth period of direct-seeding cultivation was shortened by 7 days compared with manual transplanting, and there was no significant difference between the two methods for some agronomic traits, such as plant height, effective panicles, lodging property, incidence of blast disease and yield. Compared with manual transplanting, the amount of labor used in transplanting and seedling raising was decreased in direct seeding cultivation with rolling machine, and increased in field finishing and seedling weeding. In general, the total cost of direct seeding in the whole production season was reduced by 300 yuan / 667 m2, which could effectively alleviate the contradiction of intensive labor use of seedling planting in rural areas. The results could provide a technical reference for rice production mechanization in mountainous terraces in Yunnan province.

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Occurrence Dynamics of Rice Blast in Coastal Rice region and Evaluation of its Field Efficacy 2019, 25(2): 103-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.027 Abstract ( )   PDF (429KB) ( )   In order to determine the occurrence regularity of rice blast and screen out new high efficiency and low toxicity fungicides, a field trial was conducted with the three main varieties induced by highly susceptible variety. The results showed that there was significant difference in the disease index of 3 tested varieties, in which Yanfeng 47 had the highest disease index（up to 50.88）, and Yangeng 16 had the lowest disease index （6.14）; August 5th to 15th was the critical period for the occurrence of rice blast; Pyraclostrobin EC had the best control effect on rice blast and increase grain yield, Oxime bacteria Tebuconazole WG was followed.

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Effects of Applying Plant Protection UAV on Rice Pests and Diseases Based on Pesticide Reduction 2019, 25(2): 106-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.028 Abstract ( )   PDF (285KB) ( )   A field experiment was carried out to explore the effects of applying plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） on rice pests and diseases based on pesticide reduction. The results showed that, compared with the conventional dosage treatment, the effects of the treatment of pesticide reduction 20% with UAV on rice pests and diseases was decreased, the addition agents had a synergistic effect and the control effect was close to the conventional dosage.

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Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of Rice Spikelet Rot Disease in Xinjiang 2019, 25(2): 108-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.02.029 Abstract ( )   PDF (411KB) ( )   With the climate change and extension of high yield and high quality cultivation technology of rice in recent years, the incidence of spikelet rot disease in rice fields tends to be frequent during different years in Xinjiang, and the degree of damage tends to aggravate. According to the conditions of occurrence, damage characteristics, disease resistance of rice varieties, field chemical prevention and agricultural measures and so on, a special investigation was carried out as well as a set of comprehensive prevention and control measures have been formulated about spikelet rot disease of rice fields in main rice producing areas in Xinjiang. It could effectively control the occurrence and damage, to ensure the increase of yield and quality of rice.