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20 January 2019, Volume 25 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research Status, Problems and Suggestions on Salt-alkali Tolerant Rice 2019, 25(1): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (798KB) ( )   There are 2.33 million hectares of coastal beach land and 100 million hectares of inland saline-alkali land in China, which are rare land reserve resources and have great potential for comprehensive utilization. As the preferred food crop for coastal beach and saline-alkali land improvement, salt-alkali tolerant rice has been extensively studied by scholars at home and abroad. Salt-alkali tolerant rice refers to rice varieties that can grow in saline-alkali land with a yield of more than 4 500 kg per hectare under the condition of 0.3% saline-alkali concentration. In this paper, the screen of salt-alkali tolerant rice germplasm resources, the mapping and cloning of salt-tolerant gene/QTL, the identification and evaluation methods of salt-alkali tolerant rice, the breeding of new salt-alkali tolerant rice varieties and the related cultivation techniques were reviewed. The existing problems in salt-alkali tolerant rice research were pointed out, and suggestions for further strengthening salt-alkali tolerant rice research were put forward.

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Suggestions for Developing Saline-alkaline Tolerant Rice 2019, 25(1): 7-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (450KB) ( )   The necessity and feasibility for developing saline-alkaline tolerant rice were discussed. The suggestions for developing saline-alkaline tolerant rice were proposed. It is proposed that the development of saline-alkaline tolerant rice should follow the “Four Hua and One Xing ” road of “scale, corporatization, mechanization, high quality and ecological friendliness”.

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Reliability of Sensory Test for Japonica Rice Cultivars in the North of China 2019, 25(1): 10-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (535KB) ( )   In order to build a new palatability evaluation method of japonica rice varieties in the north of China, the palatability evaluation experiment was conducted by using several japonica rice varieties and lines as materials, and the differentiating ability and taste preference of rice panelists （simply called panelists） were examined. At the same time, the accuracy of the evaluation results of the panels was further analyzed and discussed. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the comprehensive evaluation value of tested varieties and evaluation results of panelists at 0.1% level. However, there was no significant difference in the interaction between the evaluator and the tested rice varieties（lines）. Although there was difference in the palatability assessment among different panelists, the whole panelist team has a certain tendency to evaluate the palatability of japonica rice.

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Research Advances on Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Yield, Quality of Rice and Soil Characteristics 2019, 25(1): 15-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (837KB) ( )   The application of organic fertilizer was very importance in China’s traditional agricultural production, while chemical fertilizer was over depended and application of organic fertilizer was overlooked in nowadays crops production. In order to provide the reference to research and application of organic fertilizer in paddy field, the research progress on the impact of organic fertilizer on growth and development, yield and quality of rice and soil characteristics were reviewed in this paper, the advances on combined application effect of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in rice was summarized, and then the research on application of organic fertilizer in paddy field was prospected.

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Research Progress of Silicon Fertilizer on Rice 2019, 25(1): 21-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (400KB) ( )   Agricultural production should break the conventional inertial thinking and scientifically layout under the goal of “two reductions and one growth”. In the case of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it is possible to achieve steady and high yield by reasonable application of silicon fertilizer. This paper comprehensively expounded the effects of silicon fertilizer on yield, quality, disease and pest resistance, absorption and transport of heavy metal cadmium of rice.

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Current Situation and Countermeasure of Rice Varieties in Zhejiang 2019, 25(1): 23-25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (380KB) ( )   Based on the statistical analysis of the approval rice varieties from 2007 to 2018 in Zhejiang province, it was found that the rice variety structure in Zhejiang province had the following characteristics: the rice variety types were very rich; the dominant varieties had a large planting area; the number of approval rice varieties with high quality was increased gradually; the quality characters were not stable and the proportion of rice varieties with good taste and high quality was still small. There are four main factors to restrict the development of high quality rice varieties: the development ideas of high quality rice need to be cleared up; the evaluation standards of high quality rice varieties need to be perfected; the progress of the rice breeding with high quality was not fast; the promotion and industrialization of high quality rice need to be deepened. In order to further deepen the promotion and industrialization of high quality rice in Zhejiang province, Zhejiang province should start from the following four aspects: put emphasis on the top level design; continue to improve the standards for approval and evaluation of variety; accelerate the breeding of high quality rice varieties; further deepen the extension and industrialization of high quality rice.

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Consideration on Promoting Rice Side-deep Machine Fertilization in Jiangsu 2019, 25(1): 26-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (498KB) ( )   This paper expounded the present situation of rice fertilization in Jiangsu province, analyzed the technical essentials and advantages of the side-deep machine fertilization of rice, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions, in order to provide some references for the green development of rice production and the increasing efficiency of fertilizer reduction in Jiangsu province.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Quality of High-quality Conventional Late Japonica Rice in South China 2019, 25(1): 29-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (612KB) ( )   In order to explore the suitable nitrogen-fertilization model for the high quality conventional late japonica rice Jinnongxianggeng 1267 in southern China, the 6 N levels included CK（0）, N1（165 kg/hm2）, N2（210 kg/hm2）, N3（255 kg/hm2）, N4（300 kg/hm2） and N5（345 kg/hm2）, 3 N application ratios were applied on different growth stages: NT1: 40% basal, 20% 7 d after transplanting（7DAT） and 40% panicle N-fertilizer; NT2: 40% basal, 20% 7DAT, 40% panicle N-fertilizer at the 4th and 2nd leaves emerged from the top; NT3: 40% basal, 20% 7DAT, 20% panicle N-fertilizer and 20% grain N-fertilizer, to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilization models on yield and quality of high quality conventional late japonica rice. The results showed that, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the yield was increased first and then decreased. Compared with N3 treatment, the grain yields of CK, N1, N2, N4 and N5 treatment were decreased by 37.1%, 8.2%, 5.7%, 4.9% and 10.0% respectively, the main reason for the increase of yield is the increase of the grains per spike and the thousand grain weight. At the N3 level, the yield of NT3 treatment was the highest, the main reason for the increase of yield is the increase of the grains per spike. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the processing quality, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality were  improved; at the N3 level, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree and gel consistency all showed NT1>NT2> NT3, the amylose content and crude protein content were opposite. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the peak viscosity, thermal slurry viscosity, cold glue viscosity, disintegration value and peak time of RVA spectral eigenvalues were decreased, while the reduction value, recovery value and gelatinization temperature were increased; at the N3 level, the peak viscosity, slurry viscosity, cold adhesive viscosity, disintegration value and peak time all showed NT1<NT2< NT3, the reduction value, recovery value and gelatinization temperature were opposite. To sum up, when the nitrogen rate was 255 kg/hm2 and base fertilizer ∶ tillering ferilizer ∶ panicle fertilizer ∶ grain fertilizer was 4∶2∶2, it was easier to achieve high yield and good quality.

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Relationship Between the Seed Setting Rate and Climatic Conditions at Flowering Stage and Sink-Source Characteristics of the Mid-season Hybrid Rice with High Temperature Resistant 2019, 25(1): 34-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (669KB) ( )   Experiments with thirty mid-season hybrid rice combinations were conducted to study the relationship between the seed setting rate and climatic conditions at flowering stage and sink-source characteristics of varieties with high temperature resistant by applying different sowing dates. The results showed that the main reason of low seed setting rate were low daily minimum temperature, minimum relative humidity, daily rainfall and sunshine at heading stage and the highest number of seedlings, higher LAI and the rate of spikelets to leaf. The low daily rainfall is the direct cause of higher daily maximum temperature. There were positively correlation between high temperature resistant at heading and numbers of the highest seedling or productive panicle, but negatively correlated with spikelets per panicle and spikelets-leaf ratio, the hybrid combinations with more productive panicles and strong tillering ability were stronger in high temperature resistant at heading. Chuanxiang 858, Taiyou 99, Xianglvyou 727, Mian5you 5240, Neixiangyou 2550, Chuanguyou 202 were suitable for planting in high temperature-drought areas.

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Effects of Side Deep Mechanical Fertilization on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Early Rice 2019, 25(1): 40-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (465KB) ( )   In order to study the effects of mechanized side deep fertilization on nitrogen utilization and yield formation of early rice Yongxian 15, four nitrogen fertilizer application treatments were adopted in the present study as follows: FF－urea was surface broadcasted manually, DSF－urea was mechanically side fertilized into the 10-cm-depth layer of soil, DSRF－urea and slow release urea were mechanically side fertilized into the 10-cm-depth layer of soil together, N0－no nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The results showed that, compared with the control（N0）, the N uptake, effective panicles, grain number per panicle and grain yield of FF, DSF and DSRF were enhanced significantly. Compared with FF, the effective panicles, grain number per panicle and grain yield of DSF were increased by 5.2%, 5.6% and 6.3%, respectively; and which were also increased by 6.4%, 11.0% and 11.6% of DSRF, respectively. At heading stage and maturity stage, N uptake of DSF and DSRF were all higher than FF. Nitrogen recovery efficiency of DSF and DSRF were 40.6% and 48.0%, respectively, and which were 15.6% and 23.0% higher than FF. Compared with FF, nitrogen agronomic use efficiency of DSF and DSRF were increased by 33.6% and 62.7%, respectively. Hence, mechanized side deep fertilization could improve nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of early rice significantly.

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Effects of Biochar and Lime on Yield, Soil Properties and Economic Benefit of Double Rice-cropping System 2019, 25(1): 44-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (578KB) ( )   The study examined the effects of two acid soil ameliorants（lime and biochar）on yield and economic benefit of double rice and soil properties. The results showed that the biochar treatment reduced the yield of early rice and late rice in 2015, the yield of late rice was significantly decreased. However, it significantly increased the yield of early rice and late rice in 2016. The lime treatment increased the yield of early rice in 2015, significantly increased the yield of late rice in 2015 and the yield of early rice and late rice in 2016. After two years of experiment, biochar significantly increased soil pH and organic matter content. Lime significantly increased soil pH and the concentration of alkaline hydrolysis-N. Biochar treatment significantly reduced the output value and net income in 2015 and significantly increased them in 2016. Lime significantly increased the output value and net income in both 2015 and 2016. Lime increased the output value and net income by 2.9% and 6.7% compared to the biochar treatment in 2016, respectively. Therefore, lime was better than biochar to increase yield and economic benefit of rice, and to ameliorate soil acidification in the double rice-copping system in southern China.

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Response Characteristics of Different Super Hybrid Rice Varieties to Transplanting Density 2019, 25(1): 49-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (469KB) ( )   In order to find out the response characteristics of different super hybrid rice varieties to planting density under high yield condition in this sutdy, a field experiment was conducted in Guidong county in 2016 with 5 super hybrid rice varieties Liangyoupeijiu, Y Liangyou 1, Y Liangyou 2, Y Liangyou 900, Chaoyou 1 000 and conventional rice variety Huanghuazhan as materials. The results showed that the yield of Liangyoupeijiu, Y Liangyou 1, Y Liangyou 900, Chaoyou 1 000 were highest in the high density （24×104 hiles/hm2）, which were 11 469.33 kg/hm2, 13 438.75 kg/hm2, 11 125.56 kg/hm2 and 11 969.35 kg/hm2, respectively, compared with the low-density treatment （12×104 hiles/hm2）, the increase percent was 11.71%, 9.41%, 25.80% and 9.90%; the main reason for the effective panicle number per plant area of the treatment with high-density was higher than that in the low -density and middle-density. When the planting density was 12×104 hiles/hm2, the number of productive panicle was higher and the thousand grain weight was significantly higher than the other two planting densities, so Y Liangyou 2 had a higher yield, reaching 11 172.44 kg/hm2. And all the super hybrid rice varieties had high dry matter accumulation in heading and maturity. Under the experimental conditions, Huanghuazhan had the highest yield and dry matter production at low density.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield of Late Rice, Soil Chemical and Microbial Characteristics under the Condition of Full Corn Straw Returning 2019, 25(1): 53-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (620KB) ( )   The effects of four nitrogen application modes （NM1, basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer∶ear and panicle fertilizer were 7∶3∶0; NM2, 6∶3∶1; NM3, 5∶3∶2; NM4, 4∶3∶3） on yield of late rice and its formation, paddy soil chemical and biological characteristics were studied with Taoyouxiangzhan as material by field trail in 2017. The results showed that, NM1 treatment obtained the highest yield, and that was 2.6%, 5.3% and 5.6% significantly higher than treatments NM2, NM3 and NM4, respectively. Treatment NM2 had the second high yield. Advanced nitrogen application under the condition of the full amount of previous corn straw returning significantly increased the effective panicles per unit area and decreased the grains per spike and seed setting rate, but had no significantly effect on thousand grain weight. The effects of different nitrogen application modes on paddy soil physicochemical characteristics were concentrated on the corn straw after returning to tillering period. In this period, soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, organic matter content and urease activity increased with the increase of the proportion of basal and tillering fertilizer. The bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, azotobacter and nitrifying bacteria biomass in paddy soil were the highest after corn harvest, and decreased rapidly with the growth of late rice. The bacteria, actinomycetes, ammoniated bacteria and nitrifying bacteria biomass in paddy soil significantly increased with the increase of the proportion of basal and tillering fertilizer, but roughly decreased in heading stage and had no significant difference between all treatments in maturity. Nitrogen application modes had no significantly effect on fungi and azotobacter biomass in paddy soil in any stages of rice. The full amount of previous corn straw returning was favorable for improving the soil fertility and microbial activity in early stage of rice. The highest yield and the best paddy soil improvement had obtained when the nitrogen application modes of basal fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶ear and panicle fertilizer was 7∶3∶0.

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Preliminary Investigation of Offspring Variation of the Japonica Rice in Northeast China under Heavy Ion Beam Radiation 2019, 25(1): 58-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (372KB) ( )   A preliminary study on mutations of Tonghe 899, a japonica rice variety in Northeast China, was conducted after the heavy ion beam C irradiation on rice seeds with the dosages of Gy at 0, 200. The results showed that the generations of M1 were all half sterile with seed setting rate of 5.2%. The mutant types were found various and mutant rate of M2 maintained 5.7%, which was higher than the traditionally mutant rate in radiation with γ and X ray. Moreover, the mutant population showed more abundant after planting from M3 to M5. Characters of most mutants maintained stable. Some mutants were found excellent with more early growth period than Tonghe 899（CK） and have been conduct with the joint area test of new rice varieties in Jilin province. However, there are also 30% mutants showed apparent separates with the characters of long-grain, low 1000-grain weight and high appearance quality.

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Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Components of Lengshuihong Rice in Shennongjia Area 2019, 25(1): 62-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (469KB) ( )   This study investigated the agronomic traits of Lengshuihong, such as plant height, tillers, number of leaves, grains per spike, grain shape, 1000-grain weight and nutritional contents （protein, fat, amylose, amino acid） of the brown rice. The results showed that the plant height, tillers, number of leaves, grains per panicle, grain length, grain width, grain thickness and 1000-grain weight of Lengshuihong were 168.5 cm, 4.2, 13.1, 120, 8.0 mm, 3.4 mm, 2.2 mm, 30.4 g, respectively. The contents of fat, protein and amylase were significantly higher than the control variety Fengliangyou 4, increased by 22%, 42% and 45% respectively. The total amino acid content was 49% higher than Fengliangyou 4. It showed that Lengshuihong is rich in nutrition and high in value, and has the prospect of development and utilization.

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Effects of Sowing Date and Filling Stage Temperature on Quality of Japonica Rice in the Southern of Henan Province 2019, 25(1): 65-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (539KB) ( )   The changes of grain quality in different sowing dates were analyzed and studied under natural conditions, using six japonica varieties as materials. The results showed that the temperature of filling stage and the grain quality would change accordingly with the different sowing dates. The variation coefficient as follows: CD>CGP>HMR>GC>AC>MRR>ASV>BBR. The mean value of BBR, MRR and HMR were increased with the sowing date delayed, reached maximum at the Ⅳ sowing date. The mean value of CD and CGP were decreased with the sowing date delayed, the CD and CGP were decreased significantly when the sowing date from Ⅰ to Ⅱ. The mean value of AC and ASV were increased and the mean value of GC was decreased with the sowing date delayed. The mean temperature of 10 days after full heading had a greater influence on  milling quality, high temperature is not conducive to improve milling quality of rice. The mean temperature above 26℃ of 20 days after full heading affected the appearance quality obviously. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that, the mean temperature of 10 days and 20 days after full heading were closely correlation to the CGP, CD, MRR and AC. Combined with nearly 35 years climate data and the results of the study, the full heading stage of japonica rice would be arranged in August 20 to 30 in the southern of Henan province, which is conducive to improve the quality of japonica rice.

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Effects of Nanocarbon Mixing with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Nutrient Content 2019, 25(1): 70-73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (594KB) ( )   The effects of nanocarbon mixing with nitrogen fertilizer on microbial community structure and nutrient content of soil were studied, based on a pot experiment with four treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer（CK）, conventional fertilizer（N2）, decreased-nitrogen fertilizer plus nanocarbon（N1+C） and conventional fertilizer plus nanocarbon（N2+C）. The results showed that compared with N2 treatment, the pH value and water content of soil of the treatments adding nanocarbon were significantly increased by 2.89% and 16.99% respectively. The SOC, Olsen P, available K were significantly increased by 8.49%, 7.49%, 23.41% respectively. The PLFA content was in the order of N2+C > N1+C > N2 > CK. The GNB to GPB ratio and the percentage of bacterial moles were in the order of N1+C > N2+C > N2 > CK. The percentage of fungi and the percentage of actinomyces were in the order of CK > N2 > N1+C > N2+C. The principal analysis（PCA）results showed that adding nanocarbon obviously changed the microbial community structure, and N2+C was the most obviously changed treatment. In conclusion, nanocarbon mixing with nitrogen fertilizer could increase the nutrient and water content, improve the microbial biomass and structure of soil.

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Investigation of Heading Dynamic States of Yongyou 12 and Optimal Time to Spray Chemicals for Prevention Rice False Smut 2019, 25(1): 74-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (658KB) ( )   The dynamic states of flag leaf growth and head sprouting of rice were identified by fixed-point investigation. Rice false smut （RFS）, Ustilaginoidea virens （Cooke） has gone up to a primary rice disease from secondary and caused severe impair to rice production. The RFS not only impacts the yield of rice but also reduces the rice quality. The RFS was very difficult to control when the RFS occurrence（the false smut balls appear）, so the RFS only prevention but could not treat after occurred. When to spray the fungicide was a key factor for achieving the best control effects to RFS. The results of this study indicated that spray fungicide two times at 10 to 13 days before begin heading and at begin heading, could achieve best control effects. The control effects of panicle and disease index were 94.59% and 98.33%, respectively. Or only spray fungicide once at 10 days or 13 days before begin heading for prevention, the control effects were also very good, the control effect of panicle were 86.95% and 87.36%, and disease index were 94.98% and 95.99%, respectively. In consideration of the difficulty to determine the day of which is 10th or 13th  day before heading precisely, the physiological character of “the same level of phyllula”（the phyllula of flag leaf and penultimate leaf at the same level） or “zero distance of phyllula”（the phyllula distance of flag leaf and penultimate leaf is zero）of rice was employed in this study to define optimum for spraying fungicide, that is to say when 1/3 to 1/2 of rice plants were at “the same level of phyllula”is the optimum rice growing stage for first time fungicide application, and the second spraying time was before heading stage.

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Study on the Correlation between Grain Density and Grain Weight， Grain Shape Traits 2019, 25(1): 80-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (498KB) ( )   The grain density and grain type characters of grain and brown rice of 161 rice varieties were measured. The results showed that, the grain density was exeremely significant positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and grain length, significant positively correlated with length-width ratio and 100-grain volume; the density of brown rice was extremely significant positively correlated with 1 000-kernel weight, kernel length, 100-kernel volume and kernel thickness, and significant positively correlated with kernel width. The path analysis showed that, both grain and brown grain’s 1 000-grain weight had the most direct positive effect on grain density, while 100-kernel volume and kernel width had the most direct negative effect on grain density. Most other characters of grain affect grain  density indirectly through 1 000 grain weight and 100-grain volume, while the indirect effect of brown grain density was more complex. The grain regression model indicated that it was necessary to increase the predictive variables to get better prediction result; the brown rice regression model showed that the 1 000-grain weight, grain thickness and 100-grain volume could explain 70.2% of dependent variable.

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Effects of Infection Rice Sheath Blight Rhizoctonia solani on the Behavior of the Nilaparvata lugens Stal 2019, 25(1): 84-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (471KB) ( )   There are antagonistic effects between salicylic acid pathway （SA）, signal transduction pathway of plant defense gene expression induced by pathogen infection, and jasmonic acid pathway （JAA）, plant defense signal transduction pathway induced by insect pests. The results showed that the brown planthopper（BPH） tended to feed on Rathu Hennati （RH） infected with Rhizoctonia solani in Y-tube olfactometer; while electrical penetration graph data, honeydew excretion and contents of amino acids in honeydew were not shown the BPH trend to Rathu Hennati（RH） and Taichung Nativel（TN1） treated with Rhizoctonia solani. It indicated that the presence of Rhizoctonia solani had no significant impact on BHP feeding selectivity.

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Development Characteristics and Fertilization Technology of Ratoon Rice by Low Stubble Machine Harvesting 2019, 25(1): 88-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )   Compared to high stubble harvesting by hand, ratoon rice by low stubble machine harvesting （LSMH） causes the change of morphological development of ratoon rice tillers and requires corresponding varieties and cultivation techniques. In order to promote the mechanized production of ratoon rice, the morphological characteristics and fertilization techniques of ratoon rice tillers by LSMH were studied, using Tianyouhuazhan as material. The results showed that: （1） LSMH of main crop lost the axillary buds in the 2nd and 3rd nodes from the top. The tillers and their filial tillers of ratoon rice were derived from the 4th and 5th nodes from the top. Compared to high stubble harvesting by hand of main crop, the tillers of LSMH had 2-3 leaves, the growth period were delayed 15 days, and possessed 3-4 rooting nodes. This resulted in germinating more vigorous root systems, which led to germinating more ratoon tillers, developing larger panicles and laying a morphological foundation for high yield. （2） Among the tillers of different nodes, the largest difference was effective panicle numbers, the second was grains per panicle, and the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were stable. This indicates that grains per panicle has larger potential for amplification and is the main factor to determine the yield. Ratoon rice tillers germinated rapidly and subsequently arrived the critical period of effective tillering at 15 days after LSMH in main crop.（3） The nutrient content of available P and K for the tested paddy soil was low. Under no applying P and K fertilizer, the germination of ratoon rice tillers were obviously inhibited, the panicle numbers and grain yield were significantly reduced, the yield of treatment 4 with balanced fertilization was the highest.

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Precise and Quantitative Fertilizer Application of Ratoon Rice in South Henan Province 2019, 25(1): 93-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (628KB) ( )   In order to explore the optimum nitrogen applying level of precise and quantitative fertilizer application of ratoon rice in south Henan province, a field experiment was conducted to compare and analyze the growth of rice, occurrence of disease and insect pests, lodging and yield of rice under different nitrogen fertilization conditions, with Liangyou 6326 as material, and obtain the optimum nitrogen content by fitting the economic benefit curve. The results showed that, the yield of two seasons was the highest when the nitrogen fertilizer amount of main rice and ratoon rice was 14 kg/667 m2 and 8 kg/667 m2, respectively. Under this condition, the main rice has appropriate group, photosynthetic rate is normal in later stage of growth, occurrence of lodging and sheath blight are less, has more dry matter accumulation of stem-sheath in mature period, and is good for the germination of high level regeneration bud. Through the economic benefit curve fitting, the result showed that, the suitable N application amount of Liangyou 6326 as ratoon rice is 27.54 kg/667 m2, and the yield could reach 847.11 kg/667 m2.

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Effects of Slow Release Fertilizer Reduction on Yield and Benefit of Chunyou 927 2019, 25(1): 97-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (388KB) ( )   In order to solve the problem of surface-source pollution caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer , the experiment of slow release fertilizer application was carried out in this paper, the yield and economic benefits of rice under different fertilization levels were investigated. The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization, the yields of the treatments with reduction of 10% and 25% nutrients were not affected, and the economic benefit of the treatment with reduction of 10% nutrients was slightly higher than that of conventional fertilization, which indicated that the application of slow-release fertilizer could save cost, increase efficiency and reduce the risk of pollution.

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Discussion on the Technique of Improving Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rice 2019, 25(1): 100-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (357KB) ( )   How to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the increase of production cost and environmental pollution caused by excessive and improper application of chemical fertilizer has been a common concern of all countries. In order to meet the need of the development strategy of “one control, two reduction and three basic”, and solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate at present in China as soon as possible, the authors systematically summarizes the results of the related fertilizer utilization test conducted in 2015—2016 in this paper. The results showed that nitrogen application rate was 270~300 kg/hm2, the proportion of base fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 2.4∶3.6∶4.0, and apply fertilizer at the stage of inverted 3 leaf is a suitable way. It could not only ensure enough number of panicles, but also strive for more grain number per panicle to achieve high yield.

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Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers at Heading Stage on Economic Characters and Yield of Early Rice and Late Rice 2019, 25(1): 103-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (227KB) ( )   The effects of Penshibao and Shiermei on economic traits and yield of rice were studied in this paper, using early rice variety of Zhongjiazao 17 and late rice Yongyou 538 as materials. The results showed that spraying foliar fertilizer had a significant effects on yield of early rice and late rice, compared to the control, the yield of early rice was increased by 7.92%~25.90%, and the yield of late rice was increased by 5.31%~12.06%. Spraying Shiermei at heading stage has better effect on yield, and the optimum dosage was 25 g/667 m2.

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Screening of Suitable Variety for Direct Seeding Rice in Western of Heilongjiang Province 2019, 25(1): 105-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (322KB) ( )   Direct seeding rice has the advantages of saving labor, saving cost, saving water and increasing efficiency. In recent years, it has been widely used in the eastern part of Heilongjiang province, but it is relatively small in the semi-arid area of western Heilongjiang. Through plot experiment, the suitable varieties for direct seeding rice planting in western Heilongjiang were selected. The results showed that Longgeng 31 and Longgeng 21 were suitable for direct seeding in western Heilongjiang province.

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Breeding and High Yield Cultivation Techniques of a New Soft Indica Rice Guguangyouzhan with Good Quality 2019, 25(1): 108-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.027 Abstract ( )   PDF (268KB) ( )   The developing of soft rice varieties is an important stage of quality breeding of rice and the realistic needs of rice market. Guguangyouzhan is a new soft indica conventional rice with good quality, bred by Rice Research Enstitute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, through hybrid breeding technique. Its grain quality is up to grade 2 by GB and Guangdong Provincial standard, and the amylose content of 14.7%~16.5%. It has the characteristics of high and stable yield, resistant to blast, middle susceptible to bacterial blight. Its growth period is 112~113 d, plant height is 101.8~103.0 cm. It was registered by Guangdong Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2017.

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Screening of High Quality Hybrid Rice Suitable for Direct Seeding in Northern Guizhou Province 2019, 25(1): 110-112.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.028 Abstract ( )   PDF (494KB) ( )   In order to screen the high quality hybrid rice varieties suitable for direct seeding in northern Guizhou, a comparison test was conducted using five high quality rice varieties approved in recent years were selected as materials, taking Yixiang 4245 as the control, which was used in large area in production. At the same time, a comparative study on traditional artificial planting and direct seeding of Yixiang 4245 was carried out. The results showed that the tested varieties could be planted as direct seeding rice.  Compared with the control, the yield of C liangyouhuazhan, Yixiangyou 2115 and Neixiangyou 6139 were increased by 20.82%, 17.84% and 13.76%, respectively. The yield of Yixiangyou 4245 with direct seeding was increased by 19.56 kg/667 m2 compared with artificial planting, reduced labor input 3.5 per 667 m2, and saved cost by 420 yuan/667 m2. In the production of similar ecological areas in northern Guizhou, it is suggested that C-liangyouhuazhan, Yixiangyou 2115, Neixiangyou 6139 and Yixiang 4245 could be used for direct seeding cultivation.

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Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of a New Aromatic Rice Variety Jixianggeng 2 2019, 25(1): 113-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.029 Abstract ( )   PDF (256KB) ( )   Jixianggeng 2 is a new conventional japonica rice variety with strong aroma, bred by Coastal Agriculture Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. It has the characteristics of aroma fragrance, high yield, fine quality, good taste. The breeding procedure, characteristics, main cultivation techniques of Jixianggeng 2 were summarized in this paper.

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Breeding and Application of A new Super Rice Variety Chugeng 37 2019, 25(1): 115-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.030 Abstract ( )   PDF (277KB) ( )   Chugeng 37 is the third plateau super rice variety in Yunnan province. It was approved by Yunnan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2014, gained new plant variety right and confirmed by Ministry of Agriculture as a super rice variety in 2017.It has the characteristics of high yield, fine quality, disease resistance and wide adaptability. It is suitable for planting in altitude of 1 500~1 850 m in Yunnan province. This paper summarized the breeding process, agronomic traits and cultivation techniques of Chugeng 37.

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Breeding and Application of Aromatic Rice Variety Yunonggeng 11 with Good Quality 2019, 25(1): 117-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.031 Abstract ( )   PDF (264KB) ( )   Yunonggeng 11 is a new japonica rice variety with good comprehensive characteristics, high and stable yield, good grain quality and fragrance, which was  bred by Henan Agricultural University, using the method of combination conventional breeding with marker assisted selection for fragrance gene. It was approved by Henan Provincial Variety Approval Committee in 2017. The breeding procedure, characteristics, main cultivation techniques of Yunonggeng 11 were summarized in this paper.