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20 September 2019, Volume 25 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Current Status, Prospection and Countermeasure of Rice Breeding in China 2019, 25(5): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (595KB) ( )   The development of biotechnology greatly improved the technology level of rice breeding in China. This paper reviewed the progress of rice breeding in China in recent five years, and carried on the comparison of rice breeding technology at home and abroad. According to the development trend of rice breeding technology at the same time, put forward the countermeasures for promotion of a new generation of rice breeding techniques, breeding excellent comprehensive characteristic major rice varieties in China.

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Research Progress on Cultivation Techniques of Rice in China 2019, 25(5): 5-7.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (438KB) ( )   Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is the most important cereal crop in China, which plays an increasingly significant role in the nation’s food security. It is generally accepted that rice cultivation technology plays a key role in achieving the due goal of the improvement in grain yield and quality, efficient utilization of resources and environmental protection. Firstly, this paper expounded the research progress on rice cultivation technology in China in recent years, including high yielding cultivation technology, mechanization cultivation technology, green management practices, disaster prevention and control technology. Secondly, this paper briefly described the development status of rice cultivation technology in foreign countries during the past several years, including rice mechanized production, water-saving irrigation and conservation tillage. Finally , the development of  rice cultivation technology in China in the next few years is prospected.

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Progress and Prospect of Rice Germplasm Research in China 2019, 25(5): 8-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (576KB) ( )   Variety resources are important foundation for rice biology research and breeding improvement. At present, researches on rice variety resources develop rapidly in China, while germplasm protection and germplasm related fundamental study have gained a lot of achievements. This article reviewed the progress of rice germplasm researches in China during 2015 to 2018, followed by research differences between China and other countries. The author suggested that further germplasm researches should attach more importance to rice introduction, accelerate germplasm identification to assist rice breeding improvement and take the best use of new technology to contribute germplasm innovation and utilization.

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Present Situation, Progress and Prospects of Development of Rice Molecular Biology in China 2019, 25(5): 12-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (774KB) ( )   In the field of rice biology, advance on dissection of the genetic basis and mechanism of rice broad-spectrum blast resistance, hybrid rice heterosis, response and tolerance to cold and heat in rice, modulating plant growth metabolism coordination for sustainable agriculture, a selfish genetic element maintaining stability of plant genomes, genomic variation in 3,010 diverse accessions of Asian cultivated rice. The development trend and countermeasures of rice science and technology in China are put forward.

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Research Progress on Difference of Response to Fertilization in Paddy Soils with Different Basic Fertility 2019, 25(5): 19-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (657KB) ( )   Soil basic fertility is a key factor to ensure high yield of rice. The physicochemical properties and biological characteristics of soil in different fertility level have different effects on the growth, yield and yield formation of rice. Reasonable fertilization and improvement of soil fertility are effective measures to solve the problem of soil fertility. This article summarized and analyzed the difference of different fertility soil, proposed some measures to improve soil fertility according to different basic soil fertility, so as to provide some reference for the development of high-efficiency fertilization techniques for rice in accordance with local conditions.

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Research Progress on Genetic of Rice Root 2019, 25(5): 24-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (688KB) ( )   Rice root system is an important component of rice , plays a vital role in rice growth and yield formation. With the development of research technology and the further emphasis on root function, people have made great progress in the study of rice root system, especially the study of root genetics. This paper mainly introduced the structure and function of rice root. The main method of studying root system, the progress of root genetics research is reviewed in this paper, including QTL mapping of root related traits and genes which have been cloned related to root development of rice.

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Research Progress of Rice False Smut 2019, 25(5): 30-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (930KB) ( )   Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, results in seriously yield losses and grain quality reduction in rice. Recently, it has risen from a minor disease to one of the most devastating fungal diseases of rice. With the deepening of the research on the U. virens, a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of U. virens was acquired and the new prevention and disease control technologies were developed. In this review, the harm, biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanism of rice false smut  were summarized in order to provide a theoretical basis for the continuous and in-depth study of rice false smut and a reference for the development of new method for the control of rice false smut.

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Research Progress on Green and High Efficiency Cultivation Technique of Rice Pot Seedling Mechanical Transplanting in Jiangsu Province 2019, 25(5): 37-41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (817KB) ( )   The pot seedling machine transplanting technique creatively realized the mechanized and accurate planting of the strong seedling in the bowl, which has become the hotspot in the research of rice planting technology in our country at present. On the basis of analyzing the production situation of machine transplanting rice in Jiangsu province, this paper mainly expounds the general situation of the development of pot seedling machine planting technique, and systematically summarizes and combs the advantages of rice yield formation and key cultivation techniques. Some countermeasures are put forward in order to provide some references for the further demonstration and popularization of rice pot seedling machine transplanting.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application and Transplanting Density on Yield and Quality Formation of Rice 2019, 25(5): 42-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (678KB) ( )   Yield and quality are the two major issues in rice research, and nitrogen application and transplanting density play a vital role in rice cultivation. It is an important way to probe the relationship between nitrogen application and transplanting density and yield and quality formation of rice in achieving high yield and fine quality of rice production. The recent progress in effects of nitrogen and density on rice yield and quality formation was summarized in this paper, and the optimum indexes of nitrogen and density interaction on different rice cultivars in the optimum planting area were introduced, which providing theoretical basis for rational nitrogen and density management. The existing problems and prospects of the future study were also put forward.

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Selection and Yield Formation Characteristics of Double-cropping and Direct Seeding Rice in South China 2019, 25(5): 47-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (707KB) ( )   In order to screen the rice varieties suitable for direct seeding in South China double-cropping rice region and determine their yield formation characteristics, a field experiment was carried out using 14 rice varieties as materiels. The results showed that, under the direct seeding condition, the yield of different rice varieties was significantly different, and the early and late season yields were 3.30~6.12 t/hm2 and 4.04~6.05 t/hm2, respectively. 15WHZ, Peizataifeng and Yueza 889 were suitable for early season direct seeding; Juliangyou 751, Tianyou 122 and Tianyouhuazhang were suitable for late season direct seeding; Wuyou 308 could be used both in early season and late season. The grain yield of direct-seeding rice has significant positive correlation with seed setting rate, total biomass, harvest index, total N uptake, N use efficiency of grains and N harvest index, and  has no significant correlation with effective panicles and biomass accumulation at specific growth stages. In early season, the main way to increase yield is to promote grain filling; in the late season, should enlarge sink size and promote grain filling both at the same time. In general, high-yield varieties were superior in total biomass, harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency.

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Preliminary Study on the Effects of Soil Modifier on Available Cd in Soil and Cadmium Content in Brown Rice 2019, 25(5): 53-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (814KB) ( )   In order to explore the application effects of soil modifier in cadmium-contaminated paddy fields, a pot experiment and field experiment was conducted with different application amount of soil modifier in 2017. The results of pot experiment showed that, compared to the control, using soil modifier could  increase the pH value of soil by 0.28~0.68 units, decrease the effective Cd content in the soil by 13.71%~30.07%, decrease the Cd content in stem and leaf by 20.51% to 48.72%, and decrease the Cd content in ear by 2.82% to 73.50%. The higher the dosage of soil modifier, the better the effect of reducing cadmium. The field test results showed that the cadmium content in brown rice was reduced by 28.02% ~ 36.35% by using soil modifier, compared to the control. It can be seen that the use of amendments in cadmium-contaminated paddy fields could effectively increase the soil pH value and reduce the effective Cd content in the soil, thereby reducing the cadmium content in rice plants and further reducing cadmium content in brown rice.

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Adsorption Characteristics of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husk Biochar 2019, 25(5): 58-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (479KB) ( )   The rice husk was used as raw material to prepare the biochar adsorbent at 300℃, 400℃ and 500℃, which were named BC300, BC400 and BC500. Phenol was subject to batch adsorption in aqueous medium by the prepared rice husk. The results of adsorption experiments showed that the preparation temperature of biochar significantly affected its adsorption effect on phenol. The adsorption capacity of phenol from three kinds of biochar was BC500> BC400> BC300. In addition，the initial concentration of phenol in waste water, the temperature and time of adsorption could also affect the adsorption effect. When the initial concentration of phenol was 20 mg/L and the adsorption temperature was 25℃, the removal rate of phenol was up to 98% after BC500 adsorption. The isothermal adsorption line for phenol conforms to the Langmuir mode and the Freundlich mode. The results of the study found out the optimum conditions for the removal of phenol by biochar adsorbent from rice husk. It could provide a theoretical basis for removing organic pollutants such as phenol from rice husk.

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Effects of Planting Density on Yield and Panicle Characters of Rice under Row Interval Cultivation Pattern 2019, 25(5): 62-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (457KB) ( )   The row interval cultivation pattern might get high yield and high efficiency by making full use of the edge advantage of crops. The effects of different transplanting densities on yield and panicle fruiting characters of rice were studied by using Liaojing 212 as material. The results showed that the yield of rice increased with the increase of transplanting density, and the yield of the same transplanting density（T2）or increasing transplanting density （T1） increased by 0.07~0.40 t/hm2 compared with the conventional cultivation treatment. But the difference between treatments was not significant. The number of tillers per hill and effective panicles per hectare were improved under the row interval cultivation pattern. Compared with CK, the seed setting rates of secondary branch in middle and basal part of rice panicle of T1 and T2 treatments were increased. Therefore, the rice yield might be improved by the row interval cultivation pattern, the climate, light conditions, planting patterns, variety characteristics and other factors should be fully considered.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of High Quality Japonica Rice 2019, 25(5): 66-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (327KB) ( )   A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen application rate on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality of rice by using Shennong 315 and Shendao 11 as materials. The results were as follows: when nitrogen application rate was 210 kg/hm2, the effective panicles, grain number per panicle and yield of the two varieties were both the highest, the yield were 9.82 t/hm2 and 9.15 t/hm2 respectively; when nitrogen application rate was 180 kg/hm2, the nitrogen use efficiency of the two varieties was 38.78% and 39.65% respectively, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The protein content, amylose content and taste value of rice were significantly affected by nitrogen application rate; the protein content, fatty acid content and taste value were significantly influenced by the interaction between variety and nitrogen application rate.

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Comparison of Kjeldahl and Dumas Combustion Methods for Determination of Protein Content in Rice 2019, 25(5): 69-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (736KB) ( )   In order to compare and analyze the precision, accuracy, correlation and testing cost of Kjeldahl and Dumas combustion methods for determination of protein content in rice, this study was conducted to examine the determination of protein or N content in rice （ 40 polished rice and 10 unpolished rice) and 5 reference compounds using Kjeldahl and Dumas combustion methods, respectively. The results showed that RSD of Dumas combustion method for determination of protein content in whole wheat flour reference compound was 0.10％, lower than Kjeldahl method （RSD=0.30％）. RE of Dumas combustion method for determination of protein content in unpolished rice reference compound was 0.8％, lower than Kjeldahl method （RE=1.0％）. With Dumas combustion method， the range of coefficient of variation（CV） of polished and unpolished rice respectively were 0.01％～0.80％ and 0.01％～1.10％, lower than Kjeldahl method （0.02％～1.70％ and 0.20％～1.50％）. Good linear correlations（R2=0.9858 in polished rice and R2=0.9788 in unpolished rice） were obtained between the two different methods. The time and manpower required by Dumas combustion method is about 1/2 of that of Kjeldahl method for the same number of samples. Therefore, Dumas combustion method is an environmentally friendly and efficient method for rice protein determination, and it could be used as a regular method for determination of protein content in rice.

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Preliminary Research on Identification and Evaluation of Cold Tolerance of Rice in Heading-flowering Stage 2019, 25(5): 75-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (528KB) ( )   Taking the cold tolerance identification experiment of mid-rice production test varieties in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Wuling Mountain area in 2016 as an example, the method of identification and evaluation of cold tolerance in heading-flowering stage of rice with the combination of high and low mountain identification nursery was introduced in this paper. At the same time, the practicability and stability of the identification method were discussed by analyzing the test results of multi-channel tested varieties in the last 5 years, and preliminary suggestions for improvement were put forward.

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Effects of Shading before and after Flowering Stage on Yield Formation Characters of Indica-japonica Hybrid Rice 2019, 25(5): 79-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (594KB) ( )   In older to investigate the effects of shading before and after flowering stage on yield formation characters of indica-japonica hybrid rice, an experiment was conducted in the field and screen-house, respectively, using indica-japonica hybrid rice variety Yongyou 12 as material. The results indicated that the treatment of shading before flowering stage（BF） mainly affected the sink size of the indica-japonica hybrid rice, which performed as reducing the spikelets per panicle, the spikelets differentiation, the panicle weight increasing rate and the harvest index of rice significantly than the control （CK）, however, the BF was not affected the dry weight of plant at maturity stage. Different from BF treatment, the shading after flowering stage （AF） brought few negative effects to the spikelts per panicle, the spikelets differentiation and the harvest index, but the panicle weight increasing rate during grain filling stage and the plant dry weight at maturity stage were significantly lower than CK. Different cultivation methods needs to be taken to resistance the weather of low light radiation happens before and after flowering stage of indica-japonica hybrid rice. Increasing the transplant density reasonably maybe useful to resistance the shading before flowering stage, however, delay the harvest time perhaps is an effect way to reduce yield lose when the shading happens after flowering stage.

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Basis and Main Measures for Promoting the Reproductive Growth in the First Season of Ratoon Rice in Southern Henan Province 2019, 25(5): 84-86.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (431KB) ( )   Climate resources in southern Henan region were analyzed. Based on the production status of ratoon rice in recent years, the authors summarized the basic basis for reproductive growth in the first season of ratoon rice in the southern Henan province. Moreover, the comprehensive cultivation management measures to promote the reproductive growth in the first season of ratoon rice were proposed.

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Comparison and Analysis of Agronomic Trait of New Colored Rice 2019, 25(5): 87-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (640KB) ( )   Colored rice refers to the rice with color of plants （leaves, stalks） and grains （glume, brown rice）. Colored rice is rich in various essential nutrients, and colored plants have ornamental value. In order to meet the needs of people's living standards, a multi-point experiment and demonstration was carried out using 23 colored rice as materials. The authors preliminary screened the colored rice varieties suitable for planting in Yangzhou city, and proposed some suggestions on the application of colored rice in local leisure and sightseeing agriculture and functional rice development, from comprehensive analysis of growth period, plant color, yield and resistance and so on.

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Comparative Study on Hybrid Middle Rice Varieties under Deep Water Irrigation 2019, 25(5): 93-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (386KB) ( )   In order to provide a scientific basis for rice variety selection under deep water irrigation of fish culture in paddy field, a pot experiment was carried out to study the performance of yield and yield components of 15 hybrid rice under the condition of inundated 15 cm from 20 days after transplanting to maturity. The results showed that the yield of Chuanguyou 2348, Yixiangyou 2115, Qiyou 894 and Rongyou 22 were increased by 14.54% to 20.74 % compared with the average yield of the 15 combinations under deep water irrigation. Path analysis showed that the top three factors, which had great direct positive effect on yield, were effective panicles,       1 000-grain weight and grain number per panicle from high to low.

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Study on the 3D Animation System of Neolithic Rice Cultivation in Longqiu 2019, 25(5): 95-98.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (690KB) ( )   The three-dimensional animation system of rice cultivation in Neolithic of Longqiu was developed based on the platform of Maya 2014, which displayed the 3D geographical environment, rice civilization and the ancestors' life scene. The system has the characteristics of three-dimensional visualization, immersion, vividness and imagination. It could play a role in expanding research fields, developing agricultural culture and deepening the popularization of science.

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Construction of PUL Mutants in Rice Based on CRISPR/Cas9 Technology 2019, 25(5): 99-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1023KB) ( )   A set of pul （pullanase） mutants were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in this study. Two sites of 20nt guide RNA（gRNA） targeted to the exon of OsPUL, there ligated to the vector pC1300-Cas9 based on golden gate cloning strategy. The recombinant plasmid was transferred to a rice cultivar, ZH11, by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Sequencing for the genomic DNA of PUL locus in T0 rice showed the mutagenesis frequency for PUL was more than 90%, including 51% of homozygous deletion mutations. Further analysis for the T1 mutants showed that almost all the homozygous deletion mutants improved the thousand-grain weight significantly（more than 5%）. Quantification of the genes related expression of T0 by RT-PCR, the results showed that the transcription level of the amylopectin starch synthesis gene and grain weight negative regulatory gene（GS3, GW8） were decreased. However, the grain weight positive regulatory gene（GL7）was increased. The successful pul editing not only provided a series of pul mutants for high and stable yield of rice, but also proved that CRISPR/Cas9 is a facile and powerful means of rice genetic engineering for scientific and agricultural applications, which has important theoretical and practical significance for rice breeding.

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Identification Procedures and Key Techniques of Rice Variety in Field Plot Trial 2019, 25(5): 105-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (378KB) ( )   The techniques of planting and identification in field plot trial are the most reliable, convenient and popular method to evaluate the purity of rice varieties and seeds. Based on the author's experience in the identification of rice varieties in field plot trials for many years, the identification procedure and key techniques were comprehensively analyzed through the summary and analysis of the identification process.

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Control Effects of Frequency Oscillation Pest-killing Lamp on Rice Pests 2019, 25(5): 108-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (220KB) ( )   The experiment of controlling two main rice pests in Chongming area by frequency oscillation pest-killing lamp showed that, the insecticidal lamp had good control effects on rice leaf borer and rice planthopper, which dramatically reduced the number of insect sources and had a certain degree of lure-killing effect on other rice pests. Moreover, it has little adverse effects on natural predators.

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Breeding and Application of Japonica Rice Jinyuan 89 with High Yield and Salt-resistance 2019, 25(5): 110-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (291KB) ( )   Jinyuan 89 is a conventional japonica rice variety with high yield, good quality, salt-tolerance and multiple resistance, bred by Tianjin Original Seed Farm. It was registered by Tianjin Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2015, suitable for planting in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area and the region along Yellow River in Shandong province. It will become the main planting variety in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2019.

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Occurrence of Rice Seedling Blight with Different Amounts of Organic Fertilizer and Different Sowing Densities 2019, 25(5): 112-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.026 Abstract ( )   PDF (347KB) ( )   Rice seedling blight is a common fungal disease in rice seedling raising, especially in dry rice-nursery. In this experiment, the authors investigated the initial rate of seedling emergence, the first infection time of rice seedling blight, and the proportion of subsequent disease under the treatments with different biological organic amounts and different sowing density, using Nei 10 you 7185 as material. The results showed that, applying organic fertilizer would reduce the initial emergence rate, delay the infection time and inhibit the occurrence of rice seedling blight at seedling stage, the effect was obvious when the dosage is above 2 kg/m2; the larger sowing density was beneficial to the emergence of the seedlings; however, the higher the sowing density, the earlier the infection time of rice seedling blight, the more serious the damage caused by Fusarium verticillioide. Therefore, for Nei 10 you 7185, the appropriate sowing density is 30 g/m2 and the application amount of bio-organic fertilizer is 2 kg/m2.

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Variety Selection and Seed Production Techniques for Organic Rice Cultivation 2019, 25(5): 115-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.027 Abstract ( )   PDF (392KB) ( )   The development of organic rice is an effective way to realize the structural reform of supply side and the green and high-quality development of agriculture, and to help the precise poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Variety selection and seed production are the key links for organic rice standardization production. In this paper, the general situations of organic rice industry development in China and the necessity of selecting organic rice seeds were introduced, the technical requirements of varieties selection and the key technical points of organic seed production were emphatically expounded, which could provide some technological references for organic rice producers.

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Effects of Seed Priming with Cobalt of Zhongzao 39 2019, 25(5): 117-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.028 Abstract ( )   PDF (252KB) ( )   Seed priming of Zhongzao39 with cobalt improved the germination ability. In the study, MGT, GI and germination energy were significantly improved, although it had no significant effects on the final germination rate. MGT was decreased by 48.0%, GI was increased by 53.1% and germination energy was increased 12.88 times compared with the control. Meanwhile, MGT and germination energy under cobalt priming were better than those under hydro-priming.