关键词: 杂交稻, 低播量, 机插, 精准条播

Abstract:

In southern China, hybrid rice machine transplanting is still mainly based on flat seedling raising technology, which uses the broadcast song method in seedling tray, and does not realize the hybrid rice planting with low seedling number per hill, thus restrictes the promotion of hybrid rice and machine transplantation industrialization in hybrid rice production. On the basis of years in the study of the technology of flat seedling for machine transplanting, China National Rice Research Institute innovated precision seedling and transplanting technology, which broken through the bottleneck of machine transplanting technology in hybrid rice with flat seedling. This technology changed the traditional broadcast sowing to directional positioning drill sowing, significantly reduced seeding rate and improved seedling quality. With the corresponding mechanical transplanting technology, hybrid rice can be planted uniformly at a low cost, the rate of seedling leakage by mechanical transplanting was reduced to less than 5%, and the uniformity of the mechanical transplanting population improved. Additionally the corresponding machine transplanting method adjusted to get a higher uniformity transplanting with a low seedling number per hill, and declined the missing hill percent to less than 5%, furthermore improved the uniformity of rice population. The results of the two-year demonstration experiment in 2019 and 2020 showed that the precision seeding and machine transplanting technology economized 29.2% of the seeding rates, and increased rice yield by 10.2% compared to the traditional technology, which evidenced a significant effects in costs reducing and economic efficiency increasing in hybrid rice production.

Key words: hybrid rice, machine transplanting, low seeding rate, precision drill seeding