中国野生稻种质资源利用与保护

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

野生稻是栽培稻的近缘野生种，可为栽培水稻育种提供重要的抗病、抗虫、耐旱、耐寒等抗逆基因，是水稻品种改良的宝贵基因库。随着工业化、城镇化进程加快及气候环境变化，野生稻居群数量和分布面积正急剧减少，野生稻种质资源的损失难以估量。虽然近年来我国野生稻种质资源利用与保护工作取得积极成效，但仍存在一系列问题。本文系统总结了野生稻种质的优异基因发掘、育种应用以及资源保护方面取得的重要进展，并综合分析目前保护管理中存在的问题，针对性的提出未来野生稻保护与利用的相关建议。

关键词: 野生稻, 种质资源, 利用, 保护

Abstract:

Wild rice is a wild relative of cultivated rice, which can provide important genes for resistance to disease, pest, drought and cold for rice breeding, and is a valuable gene pool for rice breed improvement. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the change of climate and environment, the number and distribution area of wild rice population are sharply decreasing, and the loss of germplasm resources of wild rice is inestimable. Although the utilization and conservation of wild rice germplasm resources in China have achieved positive achievements in recent years, a series of problems still exists. In this paper, the important progress of wild rice germplasm gene discovery, breeding application and resource conservation was systematically summarized, and the problems existing in current conservation and management were comprehensively analyzed, and relevant suggestions for future conservation and utilization of wild rice were put forward.

Key words: wild rice, germplasm resources, utilization, conservation

中图分类号:

S511.024

杨晓红, 周晋峰, 冯璐. 中国野生稻种质资源利用与保护[J]. 中国稻米, 2023, 29(1): 1-8.

YANG Xiaohong, ZHOU Jinfeng, FENG Lu. Utilization and Conservation of Wild Rice Resources in China[J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(1): 1-8.

图/表 4

表1 野生稻的抗病和抗虫基因发掘

图1 原生境的野生稻居群 A，广东省肇庆市生长在人工林内的药用野生稻；B，普通野生稻保护区内存在种菜和放牧的情况。

图2 外来物种入侵野生稻的原生境广东省广州市萝岗区（A）和派潭镇（B）的普通野生稻原生境已经完全被其他植物入侵，野生稻居群已消失。

图3 野生稻原生境保护区的情况 A和B是广东省高州市野生稻原生境保护点的标示牌。

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