外源喷施纳米锌对水稻耐旱性的影响及机理分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以黄华占作为供试材料开展盆栽试验，于移栽后19 d，即干旱胁迫前1 d对部分盆栽植株外源喷施浓度为50 mg/L的纳米锌肥，1 d后将盆栽置于具备日照功能且能模拟自然温度的人工气候室内进行干旱胁迫处理，探讨干旱胁迫条件下，纳米锌肥喷施对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响，并通过分析株高、干物质量等农艺性状，以及光合作用相关参数等生理性状，初步揭示其作用机理。结果显示，在营养生长期，干旱胁迫对水稻的结实率和千粒重影响不显著，但显著降低了有效穗数和每穗粒数，最终导致产量大幅下降49.65%。干旱胁迫条件下，外源喷施纳米锌肥显著缓解了干旱引起的有效穗数和每穗粒数的下降，使得产量降幅减少至28.93%；还显著增加了水稻的株高、根长以及地上部和根部的干物质量，显著提高了叶片的气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和净光合速率（Pn），显著增强了叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性，并显著降低了叶片中过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和丙二醛（MDA）的含量。这些结果表明，纳米锌肥通过提高抗氧化系统酶的活性，减少了胁迫条件下水稻叶片的过氧化伤害，进而改善其光合特性，促进干物质积累，最终降低干旱胁迫对水稻产量的负面影响。

关键词: 水稻, 纳米锌, 干旱胁迫, 生理机制

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted to using Huanghuazhan as the test material. At 19 after transplantation, the potted plants were placed in an artificial climate chamber equipped with sunshine function and natural temperatures simulate for drought stress treatment. Meanwhile, a subset of the potted plants with exogenous application of nano-zinc fertilizer at a concentration of 50 mg/L one day prior to the onset of drought stress treatment. This study aimed to explore the effects of nano-zinc fertilizer application on rice yield and its component factors under drought stress conditions, and to preliminary reveal its mechanism of action by analyzing agronomic traits such as plant height and dry matter weight, as well as physiological traits related to photosynthesis. The results showed that during the vegetative growth stage, drought stress had no significant effect on rice seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but significantly reduced the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle, ultimately leading to a substantial decrease in rice yield by 49.65%. Under drought stress conditions, exogenous application of nano-zinc fertilizer significantly alleviated the drought-induced decline in the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle, reducing the yield loss to 28.93%. It also significantly increased rice plant height, root length, and dry matter weight of both the aboveground and root parts. Additionally, it significantly improved leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate, significantly enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in leaves, and significantly reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in leaves. These results indicate that nano-zinc fertilizer reduces oxidative damage to rice leaves under stress conditions by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby improving photosynthetic characteristics, promoting material accumulation, and ultimately mitigating the negative impact of drought stress on rice yield.

Key words: rice, nano-zinc, drought stress, physiological mechanism

中图分类号:

S511.062

苏晓娜, 董伊婷, 李其营, 徐超. 外源喷施纳米锌对水稻耐旱性的影响及机理分析[J]. 中国稻米, 2025, 31(3): 59-63.

SU Xiaona, DONG Yiting, LI Qiying, XU Chao. Effects and Mechanism of Exogenous Foliar Application of Nano-Zinc on the Drought Tolerance of Rice[J]. China Rice, 2025, 31(3): 59-63.

图/表 5

表1 外源喷施纳米锌对干旱胁迫条件下水稻产量及其构成因子的影响

图1 外源喷施纳米锌对干旱胁迫条件下水稻株高、根长和干物质量的影响

图2 外源喷施纳米锌对干旱胁迫条件下水稻光合特性的影响

图3 外源喷施纳米锌对干旱胁迫条件下水稻叶片H2O2和MDA含量的影响

图4 外源喷施纳米锌对干旱胁迫条件下水稻叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

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