中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 118-123.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.019

• 品种与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

杂交稻育插秧方式对深泥脚田机插质量的影响

孙永健1(), 周小波2, 冯林3, 贺利业4, 邓榆千5, 梅岫峰6, 佘恒志4, 王浩2, 廖琴1, 王仲林1, 杨志远1, 马均1   

  1. 1四川农业大学 水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室，成都 611130
    2四川省农业机械科学研究院，成都 610095
    3合江县农业农村局，四川 合江646200
    4泸县农业农村局，四川 泸县 646100
    5荣县农业农村局，四川 荣县 643100
    6富顺县农业农村局，四川 富顺 643200
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-11
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者：yongjians1980@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    四川省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目;四川省“十四五”生物育种重大科技专项(2022ZDZX 0012);四川省科技计划项目(2024NZZJ0005);国家现代农业产业体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-2);四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005)

Effects of Hybrid Rice Seedling Raising and Transplanting Methods on the Quality of Mechanical Transplanting in Deep Mud-footed Field

SUN Yongjian1(), ZHOU Xiaobo2, FENG Lin3, HE Liye4, DENG Yuqian5, MEI Xiufeng6, SHE Hengzhi4, WANG Hao2, LIAO Qin1, WANG Zhonglin1, YANG Zhiyuan1, MA Jun1   

  1. 1Rice Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
    2Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science, Chengdu 610095, China
    3Hejiang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hejiang, Sichuan 646200, China
    4Luxian County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Luxian, Sichuan 646100, China
    5Rongxian County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Rongxian, Sichuan 643100, China
    6Fushun County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Fushun, Sichuan 643200, China
  • Received:2025-09-25 Published:2026-03-20 Online:2026-03-11
  • About author:

    1st author: yongjians1980@163.com

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摘要：

在丘陵地区，冬水田泥脚较深，这导致插秧机“陷田”现象十分突出，进而造成机插质量不佳。本研究设置育秧和机插两个环节的试验，旨在研究杂交稻育插秧方式的优化配置对深泥脚田机插质量的影响，并探讨秧苗素质与深泥脚田机插质量指标之间的关系。在育秧环节，设置2种育秧方式，即营养土育秧和稀泥育秧；设置3个播种量，分别为75 g/盘、85 g/盘、95 g/盘；设置3个机插秧龄，即25 d、33 d、40 d。在机插环节，选用两种轻简型机具，即4行手扶式插秧机和4行乘坐式高速插秧机。试验结果表明，育秧方式、播种量以及秧龄均对杂交稻秧苗素质的各项指标产生显著影响。同时，秧苗素质与深泥脚田不同机具的机插质量指标之间存在显著相关性。与4行手扶插秧机相比，4行乘坐式高速插秧机的机插漏秧率、漂秧率和翻倒率显著降低，降幅在0.70%~2.06%之间，而机插均匀度系数显著提高2.05%。相关分析进一步表明，适度增加株高、叶龄、根系盘结力和充实度可降低深泥脚田机插的漏秧率和漂秧率，但会增加机插的翻倒率和伤秧率；提高秧苗整齐度能够显著降低漂秧率、倒翻率和伤秧率，同时显著增加深泥脚田机插均匀度系数，从而提升机插质量。综合考量深泥脚田插秧机具与育秧处理对机插质量的影响，建议选用4行乘坐式高速插秧机，并配套营养土育秧、播种量85 g/盘、机插秧龄33 d的方案。此方案在培育高素质机插秧苗的同时，能有效提高深泥脚田杂交稻的育插秧质量，使机插秧均匀度系数相较于其他育插秧处理提高0.10%~9.03%，为深泥脚田杂交稻全程机械化高产优质栽培技术提供坚实的理论基础和实践依据。

关键词: 杂交稻, 深泥脚田, 插秧机, 秧苗素质, 机插质量

Abstract:

In hilly regions, the deep mud layer of winter paddy fields often causes rice transplanters to sink, severely compromising transplanting quality. To systematically evaluate the effects of different seedling-raising methods combined with lightweight rice transplanters on transplanting performance in such fields and explore the relationship between seeding quality and machine-transplanting quality index, this study designed experiments covering both the seedling-raising and machine-transplanting stages. During the seedling-raising phase, two methods were compared: nutrient soil and muddy soil. Three seeding rates (75, 85, and 95 g/tray) and three seedling ages (25, 33, and 40 days) were tested. In the transplanting phase, two types of lightweight equipment were used: a 4-row walk-behind transplanter and a 4-row riding high-speed transplanter. Results showed that seedling-raising method, seeding rate, and seedling age significantly affected the quality of hybrid rice seedlings. A strong correlation was observed between seedling quality and transplanting performance, particularly in deep-mud fields. Compared to the walk-behind transplanter, the riding high-speed transplanter significantly reduced the rates of missing, floating, and overturned seedlings by 0.70%-2.06%, and improved the transplanting uniformity by 2.05%. Further correlation analysis indicated that increasing plant height, leaf age, root entanglement force, and seedling fullness helped reduce missing and floating seedlings, but increased the rates of overturned and injured seedlings. Improving seedling uniformity effectively reduced floating, overturned, and injured seedlings while enhancing transplanting uniformity. Overall, the optimal combination was the riding high-speed transplanter paired with nutrient soil seedlings, a seeding rate of 85 g/tray, and a seedling age of 33 days. This configuration improved the transplanting uniformity coefficient by 0.10%-9.03% compared to other treatments, providing a practical basis for high-quality mechanized cultivation of hybrid rice in deep-mud fields.

Key words: hybrid rice, deep-mud paddy field, rice transplanter, seedling quality, machine-transplanting quality

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