中国稻米

中国稻米

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

节水高产栽培对直播稻产量、病虫害发生和抗倒性的影响

  1. 1雷州市农业技术推广中心，广东 雷州 524200；2广东省农业科学院水稻研究所，广州 510640
  • 出版日期:2017-07-20 发布日期:2017-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 钟旭华
  • 基金资助:
    广东省科技计划项目（2013B050800014）；863计划项目（2014AA10A605）；广东省农业面源污染治理项目（0724-1610A08N1125）；广东省现代农业产业技术体系项目（2016LM1066）；广东省促进科技服务业发展计划项目（2013B040200042）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300108）

Effects of Water-saving and High-yield Cultivation on Yield, Pests and Diseases Incidence, Lodging Resistance of Direct-seeding Rice

  • Online:2017-07-20 Published:2017-07-20

PDF

摘要： 本研究以水稻品种特籼占25为材料，设置农民习惯栽培、“三控”施肥和节水高产栽培3个处理，研究不同处理对水稻产量、氮肥利用率、病虫害发生、抗倒性和经济效益的影响。结果显示，与农民习惯栽培相比，“三控”施肥和节水高产栽培处理的纹枯病病情指数分别减少56.5%~69.2%和70.9%~80.0%，稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率分别降低28.1%~66.5%和70.1%~71.9%，稻飞虱百丛头数分别降低了35.1%~77.9%和71.9%~80.8%；“三控”施肥处理下水稻基部第1、2、3节间长度分别缩短了9.1%~20.1%、4.7%~12.9%和1.5%~7.8%，节水高产栽培处理下分别缩短了23.9%~27.4%、19.7%~26.8%和10.2%~21.4%，植株抗倒性均大幅提高；“三控”施肥处理的稻谷产量增加1.7%~5.5%、氮肥偏生产力提高了11.7%~16.5%、纯收入增加1 972~2 114元/hm2，节水高产栽培处理的稻谷产量增加9.9%~19.7%、氮肥偏生产力提高了34.3%~46.3%、纯收入增加2 010~4 305元/hm2。节水高产栽培技术应用对减少水稻病虫害，提高产量、抗倒伏能力和种植收益均具有明显的优势，显示了良好的应用前景。

关键词: 水稻, 节水, 病虫害, 抗倒性, 节本增收

Abstract: In this study, Texianzhan 25 was grown in farmers’ fields under farmer practices（FP）, “three control” （TC） and “water-saving and high-yield cultivation”（WSHY）, respectively. The rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, pests and diseases incidence, lodging resistance and economic benefit were investigated. Compared with FP, the disease index of sheath blight, leaf roll rate of cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice planthopper under TC and WSHY treatments were decreased by 56.5%~69.2% and 70.9%~80.0%, 28.1%~66.5% and 70.1%~71.9%, 35.1%~77.9% and 71.9%~80.8%, respectively. The basic internode length of the 1st, 2nd and 3th internode under TC treatment were reduced by 9.1%~20.1%, 4.7%~12.9% and 1.5%~7.8%, which were also reduced by 23.9%~27.4%, 19.7%~26.8% and 10.2%~21.4% under WSHY treatment, respectively. Lodging resistance was greatly increased under TC and WSHY treatments. The grain yield, nitrogen partial factor productivity and income of TC treatment were increased by 1.7%~5.5%, 11.7%~16.5% and 1 972~2 114 yuan/hm2, and which were increased by 9.9%~19.7%, 34.3%~46.3% and 2 010~4 305 yuan/hm2 of WSHY treatment. In a word, WSHY treatment has obvious advantages and show a good application prospect.

Key words: rice, water-saving, pests and diseases, lodging resistance, reduce cost and increase income

中图分类号: