中国稻米

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水分管理对水稻产量、品质及氮磷流失的影响研究综述

  1. 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥 230036
  • 出版日期:2018-05-20 发布日期:2018-05-20
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划“农业面源和重金属污染农田综合防治与修复技术研发”:水稻主产区氮磷流失综合防控技术与产品研发(2016YFD0800503)

Effects of Water Management on Yield, Quality of Rice and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Paddy Field

  • Online:2018-05-20 Published:2018-05-20

摘要:

根据水稻需水特征进行田间水分管理对水稻品质和产量具有重要意义,科学管理田间水分有利于稻田氮磷流失控制。节水灌溉技术能够改善水稻的品质、提高水稻产量。稻田氮磷流失主要通过降雨、径流和排水搁田途径流失,所以减少稻田灌水量、充分利用降水、延长灌溉与施肥的时间差、控制涝水在稻田或排水沟的滞留时间等是减少稻田水氮磷浓度和氮磷流失量的重要举措。为了寻找最有利于水稻生长及减少氮磷流失的水分管理模式,实现稻田水分的最优控制,需要研究不同极限水分管理下,水稻的品质、产量状况,以及农田氮磷流失;建立适用于我国的稻田水分平衡和营养负荷模型,能够更精确的指导田间水分管理。

关键词: 水稻, 水分, 产量, 品质, 氮磷流失

Abstract:

According to the characteristics of rice water demand, field water management is of great significance to quality and yield of rice. The appropriate field water management is beneficial to control nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy field. Water-saving irrigation technology can improve quality and yield of rice. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field are mainly through the loss of rainfall, runoff and drainage. So reducing the irrigation amount of paddy field, making full use of rainwater, prolonging the time between irrigation and fertilization, and controling the retention time of rice water logging in paddy field or drainage ditch, are the important measures to reduce the concentration and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus. In order to find out the water level management mode which is most beneficial to the growth of rice and reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, it is necessary to study the optimal control of water level in paddy field, the quality and yield of rice under different limit water level management, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland in China, rice field water balance and nutrient load model, which could guide the field water management more accurate.

Key words: rice, water, yield, quality, nitrogen and phosphorus loss

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