关键词: 豫南稻区, 水稻, 播期, 演变, 优化途径

Abstract:

Great changes have taken place in sowing date of rice in south of Henan province since 1980s, due to the extensive application of indica hybrid rice variety, dry-raising and sparse-planting, rice film planting, rice mechanical transplanting, “indica rice to japonica rice” and the development of ratoon rice. The sowing date of indica rice and japonica rice are in April and May respectively. The sowing date of ratoon rice is in March. The prolonged sowing date meet the needs of the different type of rice and different cultivation methods, alleviated the seasonal contradiction of large farmers. It is beneficial to increase the cropping index of rice and to optimize the farming system of rice and wheat in south of Henan province. However, there were also some problems such as confusion of sowing date of indica rice and japonica rice, early sowing date of indica rice, decrease of high yield potential caused by greenhouse seedling raising. Especially, early sowing date of indica rice in some areas not only resulted in high temperature damage, but also resulted in the decrease of seed setting rate, yield and grain quality. Which also aggravate the deterioration of the rice and wheat farming system and increase the area of winter fallow fields. Enhancing farmers’ awareness of science and technology, promoting technological transformation and upgrading, improving the land circulation speed and large-scale production are the basic way to optimize rice sowing date in south of Henan province.

Key words: south of Henan province, rice, sowing date, evolution, optimization approach