关键词: 再生稻, 机械化生产, 再生分蘖, 形态发育, 施肥技术

Abstract:

Compared to high stubble harvesting by hand, ratoon rice by low stubble machine harvesting （LSMH） causes the change of morphological development of ratoon rice tillers and requires corresponding varieties and cultivation techniques. In order to promote the mechanized production of ratoon rice, the morphological characteristics and fertilization techniques of ratoon rice tillers by LSMH were studied, using Tianyouhuazhan as material. The results showed that: （1） LSMH of main crop lost the axillary buds in the 2nd and 3rd nodes from the top. The tillers and their filial tillers of ratoon rice were derived from the 4th and 5th nodes from the top. Compared to high stubble harvesting by hand of main crop, the tillers of LSMH had 2-3 leaves, the growth period were delayed 15 days, and possessed 3-4 rooting nodes. This resulted in germinating more vigorous root systems, which led to germinating more ratoon tillers, developing larger panicles and laying a morphological foundation for high yield. （2） Among the tillers of different nodes, the largest difference was effective panicle numbers, the second was grains per panicle, and the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were stable. This indicates that grains per panicle has larger potential for amplification and is the main factor to determine the yield. Ratoon rice tillers germinated rapidly and subsequently arrived the critical period of effective tillering at 15 days after LSMH in main crop.（3） The nutrient content of available P and K for the tested paddy soil was low. Under no applying P and K fertilizer, the germination of ratoon rice tillers were obviously inhibited, the panicle numbers and grain yield were significantly reduced, the yield of treatment 4 with balanced fertilization was the highest.

Key words: ratoon rice, mechanized production, regeneration tillers, morphological development, fertilization technology