水稻根系遗传研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根系是水稻植株的重要器官，对水稻的生长发育及产量形成有至关重要的作用。随着研究技术的发展及根系作用的进一步凸显，人们对水稻根系的研究取得了长足的进步，特别是根系遗传研究。本文主要介绍了水稻根系的结构功能和根系的主要研究方法，综述了现阶段根系遗传研究进展，包括根系相关性状的QTL定位和已克隆的水稻根系发育相关基因。

关键词: 水稻, 根系, 结构功能, QTL, 基因

Abstract:

Rice root system is an important component of rice , plays a vital role in rice growth and yield formation. With the development of research technology and the further emphasis on root function, people have made great progress in the study of rice root system, especially the study of root genetics. This paper mainly introduced the structure and function of rice root. The main method of studying root system, the progress of root genetics research is reviewed in this paper, including QTL mapping of root related traits and genes which have been cloned related to root development of rice.

Key words: rice, root, function, QTL, genes

中图分类号:

S511

丁仕林1,刘朝雷2,钱前1,2*. 水稻根系遗传研究进展[J]. 中国稻米, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.05.006 .

参考文献

[1]    陶荣荣，蔡晗，朱庆权，等. 水稻高产高效的根-冠互作机制研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报，2018，34（5）：1-4.
[2]    孔妤. 关于稻根通气组织形成和外皮层边缘厚壁细胞发育的研究[D]. 扬州：扬州大学，2009.
[3]    章艺，刘鹏，宋金敏，等. 水稻根尖边缘细胞对铁毒的形态生理响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报，2009，15（4）：763-770.
[4]    HAWES M C, BRIGHAM L A, WEN F, et al. Function of root border cells in plant health: pioneers in the rhizosphere[J]. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 2003, 36（1）: 311-327.
[5]    李娟，章明清，林琼，等. 水稻根系氮磷钾吸收特性及其模拟模型研究[J]. 土壤通报，2011，42（1）：117-122.
[6]    孙桂莲，史建君，陈晖. 水稻对14CO23-的吸收和积累动态[J]. 核农学报，2005，19（5）：375-378.
[7]    陆定志，万戈江，马跃芳. 杂交水稻伤流液游离氨基酸的变化及其与地上部关系初探[J]. 科技通报，1986，2（5）：33-34.
[8]    FUKUMORITAL T, CHINO M. Sugar, amino acid and inorganic contents in rice phloem sap[J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 1982, 23（2）: 273-283.
[9]    HAYASHI H, CHINO M. Nitrate and other anions in the rice phloem sap[J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 1985, 26（2）: 325-330.
[10] HIROAKI H, MITSUO C. Chemical composition of phloem sap from the uppermost internode of the rice plant[J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 1990, 31（2）: 247-251.
[11] 杨建昌，常二华，张文杰，等. 根系化学讯号与稻米品质的关系[J]. 中国农业科学，2006，39（1）：38-47.
[12] 刘凯，叶玉秀，唐成，等. 水稻籽粒中乙烯和ACC对土壤水分的反应及其与籽粒灌浆的关系[J]. 作物学报，2007，33（4）：539-546.
[13] 吴伟明, 程式华. 水稻根系育种的意义与前景[J]. 中国水稻科学，2005，19（2）：174-180
[14] 黄沆，陈光辉. 水稻根系育种的研究现状及展望[J]. 湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版），2009，35（1）：35-39.
[15] 梁永书，周军杰，南文斌，等. 水稻根系研究进展[J]. 植物学报，2016，51（1）：98-106.
[16] W.伯姆. 根系研究法[M]. 北京：科学出版社，1985.
[17] 曲志恒. 水稻根系相关性状QTL定位[D]. 广州：华南农业大学，2016.
[18] TURMAN P C, WIEBOLD W J, WRATHER J A, et al. Cultivar and planting date effects on soybean root growth[J]. Plant Soil, 1995, 176（2）: 235-241.
[19] LEHMAN V G, ENGELKE M G. Heritability estimates of creeping bentgrass root systems grown in flexible tubes[J]. Crop Sci, 1991, 31: 1 680-1 684.
[20] THORUPKRISTENSEN K. Root growth of green pea （pisum sativum L.） genotypes[J]. Crop Sci, 1998, 38:1445-1451.
[21] CHEN X, YAO Q, GAO X, et al. Shoot-to-root mobile transcription factor HY5 coordinates plant carbon and nitrogen acquisition[J]. Curr Biol, 2016, 26（5）: 640-646.
[22] 刘士哲. 无土栽培技术[M]. 北京：中国农业出版社，2001.
[23] 廖兴其.根系研究方法评述[J]. 世界农业，1995（7）：23-24.
[24] 王佳佳，彭廷，张静，等. 不同根际溶解氧质量浓度对生育中后期水稻根系和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报，2016，50（6）：720-725.
[25] 刘桃菊，唐建军，戚昌瀚. 水稻形态的分形特征及其可视化模拟研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报（自然科学版），2002，24（5）：583-586.
[26] Pagès L, VERCAMBRE G, DROUET J L, et al. Root typ : a generic model to depict and analyse the root system architecture[J]. Plant Soil, 2004, 258（1）: 103-119.
[27] 徐其军，汤亮，顾东祥，等. 基于形态参数的水稻根系三维建模及可视化[J]. 农业工程学报，2010，26（10）：188-194.
[28] 张玉，秦华东，黄敏，等. 水稻根系空间分布特性的数学模拟及应用[J]. 华南农业大学学报，2013，34（3）：304-308.
[29] 徐晓明，张迎信，王会民，等. 一个水稻根长QTL qRL4的分离鉴定[J]. 中国水稻科学，2016，30（4）：363-370.
[30] 沈波，庄杰云，张克勤，等. 水稻叶片性状和根系活力的QTL定位[J]. 遗传学报，2003，30（12）：1 133-1 139.
[31] 翟荣荣，冯跃，王会民，等. 不同水分条件下水稻苗期根系性状的QTL分析[J]. 核农学报，2012，26（7）: 975-982.
[32] 姜树坤，张凤鸣，白良明，等. 水稻移栽后新生根系相关性状的QTL分析[J]. 中国水稻科学，2014，28（6）：598-604.
[33] 赵春芳，张亚东，陈涛，等. 低磷胁迫下水稻苗期根长性状的QTL定位[J]. 华北农学报，2013，28（6）：6-10.
[34] 王小虎，方云霞，祝阳舟，等. 水稻水培抗倒伏相关性状的QTL分析[J]. 核农学报， 2016，30（5）：850-858.
[35] 班超，张晓玲，穆平. 水稻根系性状QTL的整合、分类和真实性分析[J]. 中国农学通报，2009，25（19）：20-25.
[36] XIAO N, HUANG W, ZHANG X, et al. Fine mapping of qRC10-2, a quantitative trait locus for cold tolerance of rice roots at seedling and mature stages[J]. Plos One, 2014, 9（5）: e96046.
[37] QU Y, MU P, ZHANG H, et al. Mapping QTLs of root morphological traits at different growth stages in rice[J]. Genetica, 2008, 133（2）: 187-200.
[38] SCARPELLA E, RUEB S, MEIJER A H. The RADICLELESS1 gene is required for vascular pattern formation in rice[J]. Development, 2003, 130（4）: 645.
[39] YANG X C, HWA C M. Genetic and physiological characterization of the OsCem mutant in rice: formation of connected embryos with multiple plumules or multiple radicles[J]. Heredity, 2008, 101（3）: 239.
[40] INUKAI Y, SAKAMOTO T, UEGUCHITANAKA M, et al. Crown rootless1, which is essential for crown root formation in rice, is a target of an auxin response factor in auxin signaling[J]. Plant Cell, 2005, 17（5）: 1 387.
[41] INUKAI Y, MIWA M, NAGATO Y, et al. RRL1, RRL2 and CRL2 loci regulating root elongation in rice[J]. Breed Sci, 2002, 51（4）: 231-239.
[42] WOO O G, KIM S H, CHO S K, et al. BPH1, a novel substrate receptor of CRL3, plays a repressive role in ABA signal transduction[J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2018: 1-14.
[43] LIU S, WANG J, WANG L, et al. Adventitious root formation in rice requires OsGNOM1 and is mediated by the OsPINs family[J]. Cell Res, 2009, 19（9）: 1 110-1 119.
[44] KITOMI Y, ITO H, HOBO T, et al. The auxin responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor CROWN ROOTLESS5 is involved in crown root initiation in rice through the induction of OsRR1, a type-a response regulator of cytokinin signaling[J]. Plant Journal for Cell & Molecular Biology, 2011, 67（3）: 472-484.
[45] MORIKAMI A. The SCARECROW gene's role in asymmetric cell divisions in rice plants[J]. Plant J, 2003, 36（1）: 45-54.
[46] LUO L L, SHI J Y, XIANG X B, et al. Mapping of a short root-related gene OsKSR2 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2012, 38（3）: 429.
[47] WANG X F, HE F F, MA X X, et al. OsCAND1 is required for crown root emergence in rice[J]. Mol Plant, 2011, 4（2）: 289-99.
[48] LI B, LIU D, LI Q, et al. Overexpression of wheat gene TaMOR improves root system architecture and grain yield in Oryza sativa[J]. J Exp Bot, 2016, 67（14）: 4 155-4 167.
[49] INUKAI Y, Miwa M, Nagato Y, et al. Mechanical stimulus-sensitive mutation, rrl3 affects the cell production process in the root meristematic zone in rice[J]. Plant Product Sci, 2004, 6（4）: 265-273.
[50] YAO S G, TAKETA S, ICHII M. Isolation and characterization of an abscisic acid-insensitive mutation that affects specifically primary root elongation in rice （Oryza sativa L.）[J]. Plant Sci, 2003, 164（6）: 971-978.
[51] WU P. A novel short-root gene encodes a glucosamine-6-phosphate acetyltransferase required for maintaining normal root cell shape in rice[J]. Plant Physiol, 2005, 138（1）: 232.
[52] JIA L, ZHANG B, MAO C, et al. OsCYT-INV1 for alkaline/neutral invertase is involved in root cell development and reproductivity in rice （Oryza sativa L.）[J]. Planta, 2008, 228（1）: 51-59.
[53] LIU W, XU Z H, LUO D, et al. Roles of OsCKI1, a rice casein kinase I, in root development and plant hormone sensitivity[J]. Plant J, 2003, 36（2）: 189-202.
[54]   ZHOU S, JIANG W, LONG F, et al. Rice homeodomain protein WOX11 recruits a histone acetyltransferase complex to establish programs of cell proliferation of crown root meristem[J]. Plant Cell, 2017, 29（5）: 1 088-1 104.
[55] CHEN Z C, YAMAJI N, KASHINO-FUJII M, et al. A cation-chloride cotransporter gene is required for cell elongation and osmoregulation in rice[J]. Plant Physiol, 2016, 171: 494-507.
[56] CHHUN T, TAKETA S, TSURUMI S, et al. The effects of auxin on lateral root initiation and root gravitropism in a lateral rootless mutant Lrt1 of rice （Oryza sativa L.）[J]. Plant Growth Regul, 2003, 39（2）: 161-170.
[57] CHO S H, YOO S C, ZHANG H, et al. The rice narrow leaf 2 and narrow leaf 3 loci encode WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A （OsWOX3A） and function in leaf, spikelet, tiller and lateral root development [J]. New Phytol, 2013, 198（4）: 1 071-1 084.
[58] CHEN X, SHI J, HAO X, et al. OsORC3 is required for lateral root development in rice[J]. Plant J, 2013, 74（2）: 339-350.
[59] CHHUN T, TAKETA S, TSURUMI S, et al. Interaction between two auxin‐resistant mutants and their effects on lateral root formation in rice （Oryza sativa L.）[J]. J Exp Bot, 2003, 54（393）: 2 701-2 708.
[60] YU Z M, BO K, HE X W, et al. Root hair‐specific expansins modulate root hair elongation in rice[J]. Plant J, 2011, 66（5）: 725-734.
[61] SUZUKI N, TAKETA S, ICHII M. Morphological and physiological characteristics of a root-hairless mutant in rice （Oryza sativa L.）[J]. Plant Soil, 2003, 255（1）: 9-17.
[62] DING W, YU Z M,TONG Y L , et al. A transcription factor with a bHLH domain regulates root hair development in rice[J]. Cell Res, 2009, 19（11）: 1 309-1 311.
[63] DING W, TONG Y L, WU J, et al. Identification and gene mapping of a novel short root hair mutant in rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2012, 38（2）: 240-244.
[64] WON S K, CHOI S B, KUMARI S, et al. Root hair-specific EXPANSIN B genes have been selected for graminaceae root hairs[J]. Mol Cells, 2010, 30（4）: 369-76.
[65] GIRI J, BHOSALE R, HUANG G, et al. Rice auxin influx carrier OsAUX1 facilitates root hair elongation in response to low external phosphate[J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 1 408.
[66] HUANG G, LIANG W, STURROCK C J et al. Rice actin binding protein RMD controls crown root angle in response to external phosphate[J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 2 346.