中国稻米 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 42-46.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.03.007

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期定位氮肥减施对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响

宫亮(), 金丹丹, 牛世伟, 王娜, 徐嘉翼, 隋世江   

  1. 辽宁省农业科学院 植物营养与环境资源研究所,沈阳 110161
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-23 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-05-24
  • 作者简介:宫亮, gongliang1900@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200200)

Effects of Long-term Position Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilizationn

GONG Liang(), JIN Dandan, NIU Shiwei, WANG Na, XU Jiayi, SUI Shijiang   

  1. Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China

摘要:

在农业绿色发展的大背景下,我国肥料用量持续下降,提前实现了“到2020年化肥使用零增长”的目标。但长期降低肥料用量后,是否会对作物产量造成影响,需要进一步研究。本文基于8年的田间定位试验,以水稻为研究对象,设置N0(不施氮)、N160(氮肥用量160 kg/hm2)、N210(氮肥用量210 kg/hm2)、N260(氮肥用量260 kg/hm2,农民习惯施肥)、N315(氮肥用量315 kg/hm2)等5个施氮水平,研究长期氮肥减施对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,与N260处理相比,N160处理产量逐年下降,且差异达显著水平;N210处理减产0.69%~1.34%,N315处理增产0.23%~0.26%或减产0.05%~1.92%,差异均未达到显著水平。可见,氮肥过量或不足,水稻产量均存在下降的风险。相关分析表明,施氮量为237.39 kg/hm2时,籽粒吸氮量最高;施氮量低于232.64 kg/hm2时,氮素收获指数保持在70.31%;施氮量为230.73 kg/hm2时,氮肥当季回收利用率最高为38.89%;施氮量为227.63 kg/hm2时,氮肥农学效率最高为15.56 kg/kg。减少氮肥用量后,氮肥偏生产力和生理利用率均有所提高。土壤供氮占水稻吸氮量的53.36%以上,施氮量低于225.95 kg/hm2时,存在消耗土壤氮库的风险。综合考虑产量和多年平均肥料利用率等数据,试验区适宜的氮肥用量为225.95~232.64 kg/hm2,可实现长期稳产增效。

关键词: 水稻, 化肥减施, 肥料利用率, 产量

Abstract:

Under the background of agriculture eco-friendly development, the fertilizer application decreased constantly in China, which made the goal of “zero growth of the fertilizer rates by 2020” achieved in advance. However, it needs further study whether the long-term reduction of fertilizers application would have an impact on rice yield. Based on an 8-year experiment in the paddy fields, we conducted the effects of long-term position nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduction on the yield and N utilization of rice among the different amounts of N applied (N0, N160, N210, N260 and N315, representing 0, 160, 210, 260, 310 kg/hm2 N respectively). The results showed that compared with the N260 treatment, the yield of the N160 treatment decreased year by year, and the difference reached a significant level(p<0.05). The yield of N210 treatment decreased by 0.69%~1.34%, while The yield of N315 treatment increased by 0.23%~0.26% in some years and decreased by 0.05%-1.92% in the other, and the differences did not reach a significant level. The overuse or underuse of N fertilizer would tend to cause the reduction of rice yield. Relation analgsis showed when the N rate was 237.39 kg/hm2, the grain N uptake reached peak level. When the N rate was lower than 232.64 kg/hm2, the N harvest index remained at 70.31%. When the N rate was 230.73 kg/hm2, the N recovery efficiency was the highest at 38.89%. When the N rate was 227.63 kg/hm2, the N agronomic efficiency reached peak at 15.56 kg/kg. N partial factor productivity and N use efficiency increased with the reduction of N application rates. Soil N supply accounted for more than 53.36% of the rice N uptake. When the N rate was lower than 225.95 kg/hm2, there was a risk of depletion of soil N pool. Considering the yield and the average fertilizer use efficiency over the years, we recommended that the N application rate in the test area would be 225.95-232.64 kg/hm2, which could achieve the long-term stable yield.

Key words: rice, fertilizer applied reduction, fertilizer use efficiency, yield

中图分类号: