中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 1-8.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.001

• 专论与研究 •    下一篇

我国水稻优势产区生产格局及施肥现状研究

严如玉1,2(), 甘国渝1, 赵希梅1, 殷大聪2, 李燕丽1, 金慧芳1, 朱海1, 李继福1,2,*()   

  1. 1长江大学 农学院/农业资源与环境分析测试中心，湖北 荆州 434025
    2长江科学院/流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室，武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-21 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 李继福
  • 作者简介:第一联系人：

    第一作者：201804340@yangtzeu.edu.cn

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42107370);长江水利委员会长江科学院开放研究基金(202203156)

Study on the Production Pattern and Fertilization Status of Rice Dominant Production Areas in China

YAN Ruyu1,2(), GAN Guoyu1, ZHAO Ximei1, YIN Dacong2, LI Yanli1, JIN Huifang1, ZHU Hai1, LI Jifu1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture / Analytical & Testing Center of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
    2Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute / Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resources and Ecological Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430010, China
  • Received:2022-12-21 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-23
  • Contact: LI Jifu
  • About author:First author contact:

    1st author: 201804340@yangtzeu.edu.cn

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摘要：

为明确中国水稻优势产区生产格局变化和水稻施肥研究现状，以中国知网、中国农村统计年鉴及2021年国家科学施肥指导意见为信息来源，对我国水稻生产与施肥研究的文献发表情况、类型、项目分布、研究机构、种植面积、产量变化及肥料用量等进行整合分析。结果表明，2011—2021年，我国水稻种植面积除2017年、2019年有所波动外，其余年间均处于动态平衡状态，水稻总产和单产均有不同程度的波动并呈现出稳步增加趋势；长江流域中游地区水稻年种植面积最大、总产量最高；长江流域下游地区水稻平均单产最高，达8 142.9 kg/hm2。元分析表明，优化水稻施肥模式、减肥增效及改良栽培技术等仍是国家、社会和学者关注的重点。2013—2021年间，全国有关水稻产量与施肥研究发表的文献每年均保持在700篇以上，2019年达到922篇，整体发文量呈现出缓慢上升后下降的趋势，其中，长江流域中游地区累计发表相关文献最多，占全国发文量的33.0%，已发表的文献类型主要以技术应用型为主。综合2011—2021年水稻产量与施肥研究数据，发现在同一产量水平下，水稻优势产区施肥量与国家推荐的施肥量仍存在一定差异，其中，长江流域下游的钾肥用量和东南沿海地区的磷、钾肥用量均有较大减量潜力，其他水稻主产区部分农户盲目施用氮、磷、钾肥的现象依然存在。因此，各地区仍要根据水稻产量水平结合施肥效应和推荐施肥技术因地制宜、科学合理施用化肥。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 施肥, 生产格局, 发表文献, 计量可视化分析

Abstract:

In order to clarify the changes in the production pattern of China's rice dominant production areas and the current status of rice fertilization research, the publication, type, project distribution, research institutions, planting area, yield changes and fertilizer dosage of rice production and fertilization research in China were integrated and analyzed using the CNKI database, the China Rural Statistical Yearbook and the 2021 National Scientific Fertilization Guidelines as information sources. The results showed that, from 2011 to 2021, the rice planting area in China was in a state of dynamic equilibrium for the rest of the years, except for the fluctuations in 2017 and 2019, and the total rice yield and yield fluctuated to varying degrees and showed a trend of steady yield increase. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin have the largest annual rice planting area and the highest annual yield; The rice yields were highest in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, with an average of 8 142.9 kg/hm2. Meta-analysis showed that optimizing rice fertilization mode, weight loss and efficiency improvement and improving cultivation technology were still the focus of national, social and academic attention. From 2013 to 2021, the number of published literature on rice yield and fertilization research in China has remained at more than 700 per year, reaching 922 in 2019, and the overall number of articles showed a downward trend after a slow rise. Among them, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin has published the most relevant literature, accounting for 33.0% of the national literature; The types of published literature was mainly focus on technology application. Based on the data of rice yield and fertilization from 2011 to 2021, it is found that at the same rice yield level, there is still a certain difference between the amount of fertilizer applied in the dominant rice producing areas and the amount of fertilizer recommended by the state, among which the amount of potassium fertilizer applied in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied in the southeast coastal area have great potential for reduction, and the phenomenon of blind application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by some farmers in other main rice producing areas still exists. Therefore, each region should still apply chemical fertilizers scientifically and rationally according to local conditions.

Key words: rice, grain yield, fertilization status, production pattern, published literature, metrology visualization analysis

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