生物源土壤改良剂对水稻产量、抗性及稻米品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以沪软1212为材料，试验了单施化肥（T1）、单施生物源土壤改良剂（T2）和生物源土壤改良剂与化肥混施（T3）3种不同施肥方法对水稻生长发育、产量、抗性及稻米品质的影响，以解决水稻生产中土壤退化、肥料利用率低的问题。结果表明，在水稻生长速度、植株性状、抗胁迫能力及稻米品质等方面，T2和T3处理都明显优于T1处理。其中，T2处理的水稻生长速度最快（全生育期125 d），稻米蛋白质含量（6.53%）和直链淀粉含量（7.30%）最低；T3处理的水稻长势最佳，成熟期的株高（108.0 cm）、每丛有效穗数（13.0个）、根须长（22.0 cm）、根须面积（183.7 cm²）和水稻产量（585.0 kg/667 m²），以及稻米中磷、钾、钙、铁、镁等营养素含量（分别为761.0、716.0、39.4、7.09和247.0 mg/kg）最高。化学肥料和有机肥料科学搭配施用可以减少化肥用量，综合收益更好。

关键词: 水稻, 土壤改良, 化肥减施, 稻米品质, 抗逆作用

Abstract:

Taking Huruan 1212 as the test variety, three fertilization methods: single application of chemical fertilizer (T1), single application of biological soil amendment (T2), and combined application of biological soil amendment+chemical fertilizer (T3) were set up to explore the effects of different fertilization methods on growth and development, yield, resistance and quality of rice, to solve the problems of soil degradation and low utilization rate of fertilizer in rice production. The results showed that the T2 and T3 treatments were significantly better than the T1 treatment in terms of rice growth rate, plant traits, stress resistance and quality. Among them, the the T2 treatment rice had the fastest growth rate(125 d in the whole growth period), and the lowest protein content (6.53%) and the amylose content (7.30%). The T3 treatment had the highest plant height (108.0 cm), effective panicle number (13.0), root whisker length (22.0 cm), root whisker area (183.7 cm²) and rice yield (585.0 kg/667 m²) at the mature stage, as well as the highest content of nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium in rice（761.0, 716.0, 39.4, 7.09 and 247.0 mg/kg, respectively）. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and improve the income.

Key words: rice, soil improvement, chemical fertilizer reduction, grain quality, resistance

中图分类号:

王松, 张呈龙, 刘闯, 张小凡. 生物源土壤改良剂对水稻产量、抗性及稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2023, 29(3): 100-104.

WANG Song, ZHANG Chenglong, LIU Chuang, ZHANG Xiaofan. Effects of Biological Soil Amendments on Yield, Resistance and Quality of Rice[J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(3): 100-104.

图/表 7

表1 各处理施肥方案（单位：kg/667 m2）

图1 不同施肥处理对水稻生长周期的影响不同小写字母表示各处理在0.05水平差异显著。下同。

表2 不同施肥处理对水稻各生育期生物学指标的影响

图2 不同施肥处理对水稻产量的影响

表3 不同施肥处理的药剂使用情况

表4 不同施肥处理成熟期水稻茎秆基部第2节粗度与茎壁厚度

表5 不同处理的稻米养分含量

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