土壤肥力和施氮量对双季稻田氧化亚氮排放的互作效应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤肥力和施氮量是影响稻田氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放的重要因素，但二者的互作效应尚不清晰。本研究依据土壤有机质含量，选取低肥力土壤（F_L）、中肥力土壤（F_M）和高肥力土壤（F_H）3种类型田块，并设置4组氮肥施用水平（即0、90、150、210 kg/hm²，分别用N₀、N₉₀、N₁₅₀、N₂₁₀表示），旨在阐明土壤肥力和施氮量对红壤性双季稻田N₂O排放的互作效应。结果表明，提升土壤肥力能够显著降低双季稻田的N₂O排放量；增加施氮量能够提高早稻季的N₂O排放量。对早稻季N₂O排放而言， F_H和F_M相较于F_L分别降低34.3%和16.7%，N₁₅₀和N₂₁₀处理比N₀处理分别显著增加11.3%和21.8%， N₉₀处理与N₀处理差异不显著；对于晚稻季N₂O排放而言，F_H和F_M相较于F_L分别降低30.0%和13.7%，而不同氮肥处理之间则无显著差异。施氮量和土壤肥力在早稻季稻田N₂O排放上存在显著的互作效应，在F_L田块中，与N₀相比，N₂₁₀处理使早稻季N₂O排放量显著提高50.7%，而N₉₀和N₁₅₀处理则无显著影响；在F_M和F_H田块中，各施氮处理对N₂O排放均无显著影响。因此，提升土壤肥力的同时配施适宜的氮肥用量有利于稻田N₂O减排。

关键词: 双季稻, 氧化亚氮, 土壤肥力, 氮肥

Abstract:

Soil fertility and nitrogen application rate are important factors influencing nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from paddy fields, but the interaction effects between these two remain unclear. In this study, three types of field plots (F_L, low-fertility soil; F_M, medium-fertility soil; F_H, high-fertility soil) were selected based on the soil organic matter content, and four levels of nitrogen application rates were set (i.e., 0, 90, 150, and 210 kg/hm², represented by N₀, N₉₀, N₁₅₀, and N₂₁₀, respectively), aiming to elucidate the interaction effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rate on N₂O emissions from double-cropping rice paddies. The results showed that improving soil fertility significantly reduced N₂O emissions from double-cropping rice paddies, whereas increasing nitrogen application rate increased N₂O emissions during the early rice season. For N₂O emissions during the early rice season, F_H and F_M decreased emissions by 34.3% and 16.7%, respectively, compared to F_L. Compared with N₀ treatment, N₁₅₀ and N₂₁₀ treatments during the early rice season increased N₂O emissions by 11.3% and 21.8%, respectively, while there was no significant difference between N₉₀ and N₀ treatment. For N₂O emissions during the late rice season, F_H and F_M decreased emissions by 30.0% and 13.7%, respectively, compared to F_L, while no significant differences among different nitrogen fertilizer treatments. There was a significant interaction effect between nitrogen application rate and soil fertility on N₂O emissions during the early rice season. In the F_L plot, compared to N₀ treatment, the N₂₁₀ treatment significantly increased N₂O emissions by 50.7%, while the N₉₀ and N₁₅₀ treatments showed no significant difference. In the F_M and F_H plots, none of the nitrogen fertilizer treatments had significant effects on N₂O emissions. Therefore, improving soil fertility combined with appropriate nitrogen application rate is beneficial for mitigating N₂O emission in paddy fields.

Key words: double-cropping rice, nitrous oxide, soil fertility, nitrogen fertilizer

中图分类号:

S511.06

祝建民, 付文涛, 孙文霞, 张宇祥, 黄山, 孙艳妮. 土壤肥力和施氮量对双季稻田氧化亚氮排放的互作效应[J]. 中国稻米, 2025, 31(5): 71-75.

ZHU jianmin, FU Wentao, SUN Wenxia, ZHANG Yuxiang, HUANG Shan, SUN Yanni. Interactive Effects of Soil Fertility and Nitrogen Application Rate on N₂O Emissions from Double-Cropping Rice Paddies[J]. China Rice, 2025, 31(5): 71-75.

图/表 4

图1 试验期间试验地日平均气温和降雨量

表1 不同肥力田块土壤的基本理化性质

表2 土壤肥力（F）和施氮量（N）对双季稻田氧化亚氮累积排放量的影响

图2 土壤肥力和施氮量对双季稻田N2O排放通量的影响 a、 c和 e分别表示低、中和高肥力的早稻季；b、d和f分别表示低、中和高肥力的晚稻季。误差线表示平均值的标准误差(n=3)。

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