中国稻米 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 93-99.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.018

• 品种与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

西兰花废弃物堆肥与化肥减量配施对双季稻产量及土壤肥力的影响

陈剑1(), 齐文1, 蒋海凌1, 欧阳由男2,*(), 何贤彪1, 马义虎1   

  1. 1浙江省台州市农业科学研究院,浙江 临海 317000
    2中国水稻研究所,杭州310006
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-26 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 欧阳由男
  • 作者简介:第一联系人:

    第一作者:chenrichard615@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    浙江省粮油产业技术团队项目;台州市科技研发项目(1901hb01)

Effects of Broccoli Waste Compost Combined Application with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Yield and Soil Fertility of Double Cropping Rice

CHEN Jian1(), QI Wen1, JIANG Hailing1, OUYANG Younan2,*(), HE Xianbiao1, MA Yihu1   

  1. 1Zhejiang Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
    2China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
  • Received:2022-11-26 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-23
  • Contact: OUYANG Younan
  • About author:First author contact:

    1st author: chenrichard615@163.com

摘要:

为提高西兰花加工废弃物的资源化利用率,本研究将西兰花加工废弃物堆制的有机肥与化肥减量配施应用于双季稻(早稻台早733,晚稻甬优1540)种植中。设6个化肥减量配施处理(T1,60%化肥N;T2,60%化肥N+20%堆肥N;T3,60%化肥N+40%堆肥N;T4,60%化肥N+60%堆肥N;T5,40%化肥N+60%堆肥N;T6,80%化肥N+20%堆肥N),以不施肥处理(CK1)和常规化肥处理(CK2)为对照,考查不同处理对双季稻产量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,各施肥处理均比CK1显著增产,T6处理水稻周年产量比CK2提高3.32%;各化肥减量配施处理降低了水稻的总氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率,提高了无机氮肥偏生产力;各化肥减量配施处理土壤容重较CK2平均降低2.19%,pH值、有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量则平均分别提高3.51%、5.50%、3.90%和30.09%;T6处理实现节本增效81.67元/667 m2。综合来看,利用西兰花废弃物堆制有机肥,是减少“西兰花-水稻”轮作模式生产中农业废弃物排放以及提高资源利用率的一条有效途径,具有很大的推广利用价值。

关键词: 西兰花, 堆肥, 化肥减量, 双季稻, 产量, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

In order to improve the resource utilization rate of broccoli processing waste, this study applied the combined application of organic fertilizer from broccoli processing waste and chemical fertilizer to the cultivation of double cropping rice (Taizao 733 for early rice and Yongyou 1540 for late rice). Six chemical fertilizer reduction treatments, including 60% chemical fertilizer (T1), 60% chemical fertilizer + 20% compost (T2), 60% chemical fertilizer + 40% compost (T3), 60% chemical fertilizer + 60% compost (T4), 40% chemical fertilizer + 60% compost (T5), and 80% chemical fertilizer + 20% compost (T6), and no fertilizer treatment (CK1) and conventional chemical fertilizer treatment (CK2) were used to investigate the effects of different treatments on rice yield and soil fertility. The results showed that compared with CK1, the yield of each fertilization treatment increased significantly. Compared with CK2, the yield of early rice, late rice and annual rice in T3, T4 and T6 treatments had no significant difference, and the annual yield of rice in T6 treatment increased by 3.32%. The combined application of broccoli waste compost and chemical fertilizer reduced the total nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of rice, and increased the inorganic nitrogen partial productivity. Compared with CK2, the soil bulk density of the combined application treatment of broccoli waste compost and chemical fertilizer reduction decreased by 2.19% on average, and the pH value, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 3.51%, 5.50%, 3.90% and 30.09% on average, respectively. T6 treatment realized cost saving and income increase of 81.67 yuan/667 m2. Overall, the composting of broccoli waste into organic fertilizer is an effective way to reduce agricultural waste emissions and improve resource utilization in “broccoli-rice” rotation production, which has great promotion and utilization value.

Key words: broccoli, composting, chemical fertilizer reduction, double cropping rice, yield, soil fertility

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