优质食味粳稻宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施增产增效技术研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对江苏地区优质食味粳稻生产中劳动力与肥料成本持续攀升的压力，并破解传统分次施肥费工费力的难题，发展轻简化、高产高效的机械化栽培技术势在必行。本研究以优质食味粳稻南粳5718和南粳9108为材料，在不同生态区设置田间试验，旨在探究宽窄行钵苗机插配套控释混配肥一次性基施技术对优质粳稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，该技术在不同地区均表现出显著的增产效果：在盐城响水，宽窄行钵苗机插配套“50%速效N肥+10% 40 d 控混肥+40% 80 d控混肥”处理，比常规施肥处理（对照）增产58.67 kg/667 m²，增幅达8.14%；在泰州兴化，宽窄行钵苗机插配套“50%速效N肥+10% 40 d控混肥+40% 100 d控混肥”处理较对照增产49.33 kg/667 m²，增幅为7.35%；在南通海安，宽窄行钵苗机插配套“50%速效N肥+10% 80 d控混肥+40% 100 d控混肥”处理较对照增产32.00 kg/667 m²，增幅为4.85%。作用机制分析表明，该技术的增产增效源于多重因素的协同作用：宽窄行配置改善了水稻群体冠层的通风透光条件，发挥了边际优势，促进了高光效群体的构建，显著提升了叶面积指数与光合势；钵苗带土移栽减轻了植伤、缩短了缓苗期，利于形成壮秆大穗，显著增加了有效穗数和颖花量；速效肥与缓控释肥的有机结合，精准匹配了水稻不同生育期的氮素需求，提高了氮肥利用率，保障了后期旺盛的光合物质生产与干物质积累。综上，宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施技术集成了多项轻简化优势，是实现江苏地区优质食味粳稻增产增效的一项高效实用技术，具有广阔的推广应用前景。

关键词: 优质食味粳稻, 宽窄行钵苗机插, 控混肥一次性基施, 轻简化栽培, 增产增效

Abstract:

To address the growing pressure of rising labor and fertilizer costs in high-quality japonica rice production in Jiangsu Province, as well as to resolve the labor-intensive and time-consuming challenges of traditional split fertilization, it is imperative to develop mechanized cultivation technologies that are simplified, high-yielding, and efficient. This study used high-quality japonica rice Nangeng 5718 and Nangeng 9108 as the test materials, and conducted field experiments across different ecological zones. The aim was to investigate the effects of a one-time basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer combined with wide-narrow row pot-seedling machine transplanting on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Results showed that this technology significantly increased yields across all regions: In Xiangshui of Yanchen, the treatment combining wide-narrow row pot-seedling machine transplanting with “50% quick-acting N+10% 40-day controlled-release fertilizer+40% 80-day controlled-release fertilizer” yielded 58.67 kg/667 m² more than the conventional fertilization treatment (control), representing an increase of 8.14%. In Xinghua of Taizhou, the treatment with “50% quick-acting N+10% 40-day controlled-release fertilizer+40% 100-day controlled-release fertilizer” resulted in a yield increase of 49.33 kg/667 m² over the control (i.e, 7.35%). In Haian of Nantong, the treatment using “50% quick-acting N+10% 80-day controlled-release fertilizer+40% 100-day controlled-release fertilizer” achieved a yield gain of 32.00 kg/667 m² compared to the control, equivalent to a 4.85% increase. Mechanism analysis revealed that the yield-enhancing and efficiency-boosting effects resulted from synergistic interactions among multiple factors: Wide-narrow row configuration improved ventilation and light penetration within the rice canopy, leveraging edge advantages to foster the development of a high-light-efficiency population, thereby significantly increasing leaf area index and photosynthetic potential. Pot-seedling transplanting with soil clods reduced transplanting injury, shortened the recovery period, and facilitated the formation of robust stems and large panicles, leading to marked increases in effective panicle number and spikelet count. The integration of quick-acting and controlled-release fertilizers precisely matched rice nitrogen demand across different growth stages, enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, and ensured vigorous late-stage photosynthetic production and dry matter accumulation. In conclusion, the one-time basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer combined with wide-narrow row pot-seedling machine transplanting integrates multiple simplifications and emerges as an efficient and practical technology for boosting both yield and resource use efficiency in high-quality japonica rice production in Jiangsu Province, with broad prospects for promotion and application.

Key words: high-quality japonica rice, wide-narrow row pot-seedling machine transplanting, one-time basal application of controlled-release fertilizer, simplified cultivation, yield increase and efficiency improvement

中图分类号:

S511.048

卞金龙, 任高磊, 付正豪, 蒋伟勤, 胡群, 裘实, 许方甫, 胡忠磊, 张洪程, 魏海燕. 优质食味粳稻宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施增产增效技术研究[J]. 中国稻米, 2026, 32(2): 12-18.

BIAN Jinlong, REN Gaolei, FU Zhenghao, JIANG Weiqin, HU Qun, QIU Shi, XU Fangfu, HU Zhonglei, ZHANG Hongcheng, WEI Haiyan. Techniques of Wide-narrow Row Pot Seeding Mechanical Transplanting with One-time Basal Application of Mixed Controlled-release Fertilizer for Increasing Yield and Efficiency of Good Taste Quality Japonica Rice in Jiangsu Area[J]. China Rice, 2026, 32(2): 12-18.

图/表 8

表1 各试验点水稻季气象条件

表2 不同试验点缓控释肥配比

表3 宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施对优质食味粳稻产量及其构成因子的影响

表4 宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施对优质食味粳稻茎蘖形成的影响

表5 宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施对优质食味粳稻LAI和LAD的影响

表6 宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施对优质食味粳稻干物质积累及比例的影响

表7 宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施对优质食味粳稻氮素积累量及其比例的影响

表8 宽窄行钵苗机插配套控混肥一次性基施对优质食味粳稻氮素利用率的影响

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