Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Ordered Mechanical Throwing Late Rice

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

A split plot experimental design was used to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management methods on the growth and development, yield, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of ordered mechanical throwing late rice Jiayouchangjin. The main plot is the nitrogen application rate (N), with three levels set, namely 120 kg/hm² (N1), 150 kg/hm² (N2), and 180 kg/hm² (N3). The sub plot is the distribution ratio of nitrogen fertilizer (base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: spike fertilizer), with four levels set, namely 1:1:1 (T1), 0:1:1 (T2), 1: 0:1 (T3), and 1:1:0 (T4). Using farmers' habitual fertilization as a control (CK, nitrogen fertilizer dosage of 120 kg/hm2, base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer=5:3:2), and another non nitrogen treatment as control 2(N0). The results showed that under the same nitrogen application rate, the rice yield of T2 treatment was significantly lower than that of T1, T3, T4 treatment and CK, the rice yield of T4 treatment was higher than that of T1 treatment and CK. It can be seen that the application of basic fertilizers helps to improve the yield of ordered mechanical throwing late rice. In terms of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of T2 treatment was significantly lower than that of other treatments. The differences in nitrogen partial productivity (NPFP), nitrogen grain production efficiency (NUEg), nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency (NPE), and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) among T1, T3, T4 treatments and CK were relatively small. The above results indicated that the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage had a significant regulatory effect on the growth and development, yield formation, and nitrogen utilization of ordered machine thrown late rice, while the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application in the later stage was relatively small.

Key words: late rice, ordered machine throwing, grain yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency

摘要：

采用裂区设计，探究了不同氮肥运筹方式对有序机抛晚稻生长发育、产量和氮肥利用率的影响。主区为施氮量（N），设3个水平，分别为120 kg/hm²（N1）、150 kg/hm²（N2）和180 kg/hm²（N3）；副区为氮肥分配比例（基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥），设4个水平，分别为1∶1∶1（T1）、0∶1∶1（T2）、1∶0∶1（T3）和1∶1∶0（T4）。以农民习惯施肥为对照（CK，氮肥用量120 kg/hm²，基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶3∶2），另设一不施氮处理（N0）。结果表明，相同施氮量下，T2处理的水稻产量显著低于T1、T3和T4处理及CK，T4处理的产量高于T1处理和CK。表明施用基肥有助于提高有序机抛晚稻的产量。氮肥利用方面，T2处理的氮肥利用率显著低于其他处理；T4处理的氮肥农学利用率（NAE）显著高于T1和T3处理，但与CK差异不显著；T1、T3、T4处理和CK在氮肥偏生产力（NPFP）、氮素籽粒生产效率（NUEg）、氮肥生理利用率(NPE)和氮素收获指数（NHI）等方面差异较小。可见，前期氮肥施用对有序机抛晚稻生长发育、产量形成和氮素利用具有显著调控效应，而后期氮肥施用影响相对较小。

关键词: 水稻, 有序机抛, 产量, 氮素利用效率

CLC Number:

S511.062

QIN Bin, WANG Weiqin, ZHENG Huabin, SUN Xin, HE Zaizhou, LIU Fuqiang, XIANG Jun, TAO Zuhao, CHEN Hongjing, TANG Qiyuan. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Ordered Mechanical Throwing Late Rice[J]. China Rice, 2024, 30(2): 26-30.

覃斌, 王慰亲, 郑华斌, 孙鑫, 何在周, 刘福强, 向军, 陶祖豪, 陈宏景, 唐启源. 氮肥运筹对有序机抛晚稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2024, 30(2): 26-30.

Figures/Tables 7

References 11

[1]	吕明, 李鹰航, 冉小琴, 等. 推进南方水稻机械化种植工作思考和建议[J]. 农业机械, 2022(5):59-62.
[2]	王慰亲, 唐启源, 陈元伟, 等. 水稻机械精量有序抛秧栽培的产量形成和生长发育特征研究[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(5):942-951.
[3]	罗友谊, 王慰亲, 郑华斌, 等. 不同机械有序种植方式对水稻生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7):162-171.
[4]	林忠成, 李土明, 吴福观, 等. 基蘖肥与穗肥氮比例对双季稻产量和碳氮比的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(2):269-275.
[5]	郭宏文, 李土明, 李刚, 等. 氮肥运筹对双季稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2006(3):8-10.
[6]	张琪, 陶诗顺, 黄正, 等. 不同基肥施用方式对油后直播杂交稻生长和产量的影响[J]. 杂交水稻, 2021, 36(6):54-57.
[7]	匡莉, 郭栋梁. 水稻高速有序抛秧技术的推广前景分析[J]. 时代农机, 2018, 45(6):186.
[8]	陈罗湘, 周尚泉, 陈远贵, 等. 不同施肥处理对水稻病虫害及天敌发生的影响[J]. 作物研究, 2006(4):330-334.
[9]	王士强, 顾春梅, 陈淑洁, 等. 水稻抗倒伏施肥技术研究进展[J]. 北方水稻, 2009, 39(6):70-74.
[10]	王淳, 周卫, 李祖章, 等. 不同施氮量下双季稻连作体系土壤氨挥发损失研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(2):349-358.
[11]	徐新朋, 周卫, 梁国庆, 等. 氮肥用量和密度对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(3):763-772.

[1]	PENG Liulin, YU Yanfeng, YU Yongqi. The Connotation Definition, Generation Logic and Realization Path of “Planting the Same Late Rice Varieties in Early and Late Rice Season” Model in Double-Season Rice Areas: A Case Study of Jiangxi Province [J]. China Rice, 2024, 30(2): 68-72.
[2]	ZHANG Ronghui, ZHANG Xiujin, CHAI Guanqun, FAN Chengwu, HE Tengbing, QIN Song. Screening Rice Varieties with Low Accumulation of Heavy Metal Elements in Blue Yellow Mud Field of Guizhou Province [J]. China Rice, 2024, 30(1): 75-83.
[3]	HU Xiangyu, HUANG Zhenbiao, ZHONG Xuhua, LIANG Kaiming, PAN Junfeng, LIU Yanzhuo, FU Youqiang, HU Rui, LI Meijuan, YE Qunhuan. Performance and Cultivation Techniques of Meixiangzhan 2 as Machine-harvested Low Stubble Ratooning Rice in Northern Guangdong [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(6): 107-109.
[4]	JIANG Libin, WANG Zhigang, WANG Qinxia, ZHANG Xianping, ZHU Weijun, QIN Yebo, WANG Honghui. Comparison of the Effects of Pot-seedling and Carpet-Seedling Mechanically Transplanted under Different Sowing Dates and Transplanting Dates of Continuous Cropping Late Rice [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(6): 110-113.
[5]	LONG Junjiang, ZHU Mengyang, ZHOU Dingxiang, GUO Zhangliang, XU Huaqin, TONG Zhijun. Effect of Increasing the Application of Biochar on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Yield of Late Rice under Low Temperature Stress at Filling Stage [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(6): 33-38.
[6]	XU Jie, SHI Hao, YANG Liu, LIU Houqing, BAO Chunhui, MA Yunzhao, WU Wenfu. Research Progress on the Effects of Timely Harvest on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice in China and Japan [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(6): 67-72.
[7]	ZHU Lianfeng, FANG Weiping, ZHUAN Xuehao, KONG Yali, FAN Huihui, WU Chuanyi, SHI Yanping, XU Qingshan, ZHANG Lu, ZHU Chunquan, CAO Xiaochuang, JIN Qianyu, ZHANG Junhua. Effects of Rice-frog Co-cultivation on the Physicochemical Characteristics of the Soil and Grain Yield [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(5): 23-27.
[8]	LI Jingyong, DAI Linxiu, PENG Xiang, YANG Qian, XU Qiang, DOU Zhi, GAO Hui. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Reduction on Rice Yield and Quality in Integrated Cultivation and Breeding in Rice Fields [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(5): 28-37.
[9]	JIANG Peng, LUO Xiaolian, YE Mingdeng, XIAO Hong, LI Jinrong, ZHOU Xingbing, ZHANG Lin, ZHU Yongchuan, GUO Xiaoyi, LIU Mao, GUO Changchun, XIONG Hong, XU Fuxian. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Super Hybrid Rice Grown under Different Altitudes with Same Latitude in Sichuan Province [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(5): 78-84.
[10]	HE Bing, LI Chao, YAN Yongfeng, LIU Yueyue, HE Jingqi, YU Tianhua, WANG Shuai, CHEN Dianyuan, YAN Guangbin. Effects of Rice Straw Returned to the Fields by Water Harrow in Autumn on Soil and Rice Characters [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(4): 66-71.
[11]	MA Xuehu, HUANG Huang, CHEN Can, WANG Ren, ZHANG Yin, WU Shihao. Current Situation and Thinking of Raising Frogs in Paddy Fields [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(4): 27-31.
[12]	YAN Ruyu, GAN Guoyu, ZHAO Ximei, YIN Dacong, LI Yanli, JIN Huifang, ZHU Hai, LI Jifu. Study on the Production Pattern and Fertilization Status of Rice Dominant Production Areas in China [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(3): 1-8.
[13]	CHEN Yahui, YANG Xinglian, LIU lei, SHAO Hua, ZENG Yongjun, HUANG Shan, PAN Xiaohua. Effects of Different Lime Substances on Yield and Quality of Double Cropping Rice [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(3): 62-66.
[14]	WU Qifeng, WEI Qianqian, XU Qingshan, HUANG Jing, PAN Lin, ZHU Lianfeng, KONG Yali, JIN Qianyu, ZHANG Junhua, ZHU Chunquan. Effects of Foliar Fertilizers on Rice Nutrient Adsorption, Grain Yield and Damage to Chilo suppressalis [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(3): 84-87.
[15]	ZHENG Hongming. Moderate Increase Production of Early Indica Rice to Guarante Grain Security in China [J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(2): 5-11.