Abstract:

Since the reform and opening-up, the early indica rice production first increased and then suppressed. In recent years, the early indica rice production has been continuously wandering below 30 million tons, and the market supply and demand are gradually tightening while the price trend is strong. It is necessary to increase the yield of early indica rice moderately under the current situation because of its great significance to the food security of China. The different rotation modes such as the “early indica rice plus autumn soybean” in the main producing areas of early indica rice is a good way to stabilize grain efficiency and improve soil conditions by comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of them. These model can generate a modest increase in the yield of early indica rice, improve soybean supply and appropriately reduce the purchase price of mid-late indica rice, mealwhile improve soil and raise rice yield per unit area, and make the structure of the three major rice types and grain types more reasonable.

Key words: early indica rice, soybean, middle-late rice, crop rotation, food security

摘要：

改革开放以来，我国早籼稻生产先扬后抑，近年来早籼稻产量更是持续在3 000万t下方徘徊，市场供需逐渐趋紧，价格走势表现强劲。早籼稻生产对我国口粮安全具有重要意义，当前形势下适度增加早籼稻产量很有必要。通过综合分析“早籼稻+”等不同轮作模式的优缺点可以发现，在早籼稻主产区适度推广“早籼稻+秋大豆”的轮作模式是稳粮增效、改良土壤的好方法，能适度增加早籼稻产量，提高大豆供应，适当减少收购最低收购价中晚籼稻，使我国稻谷三大品种和粮食品种之间的结构更加合理，有利于提升我国粮食安全的保障能力。

关键词: 早籼稻, 大豆, 中晚稻, 轮作, 粮食安全