Abstract:

Jiangxi Province is one of China’s major rice-producing regions. Steadily advancing the project to increase large-scale rice yield per unit area in Jiangxi is of great significance for ensuring national food security. In recent years, although rice yield per unit area in Jiangxi has grown steadily, it still lags behind the national average, and considerable potential remains in achieving balanced yield increases, variety-driven yield increases, technology-driven yield increases, and disaster-mitigation-based yield increases. To promote large-scale rice yield enhancement in Jiangxi, the following problems and challenges must be addressed: (1) insufficient capacity for variety breeding and innovation, with a lack of breakthrough high-yield varieties; (2) prominent issues of soil acidification and nutrient imbalance, and an urgent need to improve topsoil quality; (3) low integration of high-yield technologies, coupled with regional imbalances in their promotion and application; (4) an underdeveloped grassroots agricultural technology extension system and weak socialized service capacity; and (5) a fragile disaster prevention and mitigation system, and an incomplete risk protection mechanism. To tackle these challenges and facilitate large-scale rice yield improvement in Jiangxi, it is recommended to coordinate efforts along the following pathways: integrate scientific and technological innovation resources and focus on breakthroughs in breeding key varieties; systematically improve soil quality and jointly enhance basic farmland productivity; promote the integration and standardization of high-yield technologies and accelerate localized transformation and application of results; innovate agricultural technology extension models and raise the effectiveness of socialized services; and improve the disaster prevention and mitigation system and strengthen comprehensive risk response capabilities.

Key words: rice, large-scale yield per unit area improvement, Jiangxi

摘要：

江西是我国重要的水稻主产区之一，扎实推进江西水稻大面积单产提升，对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。近年，江西水稻单产虽稳步增长，但与全国平均水平相比仍有差距，在均衡增产、品种增产、技术增产及减灾增产等方面仍有较大潜力。推进江西水稻大面积单产提升，主要面临以下问题与挑战：一是品种选育创新能力不足，突破性大品种匮乏；二是土壤酸化与养分失衡问题突出，耕层质量亟待提升；三是高产技术集成度不高，推广应用存在区域不平衡现象；四是基层农技推广体系不健全，社会化服务能力存在短板；五是防灾减灾体系薄弱，风险保障机制尚不完善。为破解上述难题，促进江西水稻大面积单产提升，建议统筹以下路径协同发力：整合科技创新资源，聚力选育突破性品种；系统改良土壤质量，协同提升耕地基础地力；推动高产技术集成与标准化，因地制宜加速成果转化应用；创新农技推广模式，提升社会化服务效能；健全防灾减灾体系，增强风险综合应对能力。

关键词: 水稻, 大面积单产提升, 江西