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20 March 2026, Volume 32 Issue 2 Previous Issue   
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Large-Area Increase in Rice Yield & Efficiency
Special Thesis & Basic Research
Varieties & Technology
Local Rice


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Large-Area Increase in Rice Yield & Efficiency

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Problems and Countermeasures Facing the Enhancement of Large-Scale Rice Yield per Unit Area in Jiangxi Province WU Haiyan, LI Qing 2026, 32(2): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (948KB) ( )   Jiangxi Province is one of China’s major rice-producing regions. Steadily advancing the project to increase large-scale rice yield per unit area in Jiangxi is of great significance for ensuring national food security. In recent years, although rice yield per unit area in Jiangxi has grown steadily, it still lags behind the national average, and considerable potential remains in achieving balanced yield increases, variety-driven yield increases, technology-driven yield increases, and disaster-mitigation-based yield increases. To promote large-scale rice yield enhancement in Jiangxi, the following problems and challenges must be addressed: (1) insufficient capacity for variety breeding and innovation, with a lack of breakthrough high-yield varieties; (2) prominent issues of soil acidification and nutrient imbalance, and an urgent need to improve topsoil quality; (3) low integration of high-yield technologies, coupled with regional imbalances in their promotion and application; (4) an underdeveloped grassroots agricultural technology extension system and weak socialized service capacity; and (5) a fragile disaster prevention and mitigation system, and an incomplete risk protection mechanism. To tackle these challenges and facilitate large-scale rice yield improvement in Jiangxi, it is recommended to coordinate efforts along the following pathways: integrate scientific and technological innovation resources and focus on breakthroughs in breeding key varieties; systematically improve soil quality and jointly enhance basic farmland productivity; promote the integration and standardization of high-yield technologies and accelerate localized transformation and application of results; innovate agricultural technology extension models and raise the effectiveness of socialized services; and improve the disaster prevention and mitigation system and strengthen comprehensive risk response capabilities.

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Evaluation of the Impact of Reasonable Close Planting Cultivation Technique on Rice Yield and Resource Use Efficiency: A Case Study of Experiments in Wengyuan County, Guangdong HUANG Zhanghui, LI Xiaoyao, HUANG Guangyi, DING Xiaomin, YAN Tianan, CHEN Ying, WANG Xinyu, LI Mengxing, ZHANG Ying, KE Da, ZHANG Peng, LIANG Kaiming, FU Youqiang, HE Xiuying 2026, 32(2): 7-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (615KB) ( )   In order to implement the action plan for large-scale increases in grain yield per unit area, field experiments and demonstrations of rice reasonable close planting cultivation techniques for yield increase and efficiency enhancement were conducted in Wengyuan County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, during the late season of 2024 and the early season of 2025. The trial included two treatment groups: “farmers’ conventional cultivation technique” (hereinafter referred to as “farmers’habits”) and “rice reasonable close planting cultivation technique for yield increase and efficiency enhancement” (hereinafter referred to as ‘reasonable close planting’). The effects of the two cultivation techniques on rice yield and its components, total biomass, harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency, and economic benefits were systematically analyzed. The results showed that, compared with “farmers’ habits” cultivation technique, the ‘reasonable close planting’ technique significantly increased the number of effective panicles (by 12.86%-29.87%), biomass (by 13.38%-29397%), and grain yield (by 22.11%-27.51%), while also enhancing nitrogen partial factor productivity (by 46.64%-62.60%) and net income (by 106.46%-109.66%). These findings confirm that the ‘reasonable close planting’ cultivation technique could provide a scientific basis and technical support for large-scale increases in rice yield per unit area and economic benefit.

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Techniques of Wide-narrow Row Pot Seeding Mechanical Transplanting with One-time Basal Application of Mixed Controlled-release Fertilizer for Increasing Yield and Efficiency of Good Taste Quality Japonica Rice in Jiangsu Area BIAN Jinlong, REN Gaolei, FU Zhenghao, JIANG Weiqin, HU Qun, QIU Shi, XU Fangfu, HU Zhonglei, ZHANG Hongcheng, WEI Haiyan 2026, 32(2): 12-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (762KB) ( )   To address the growing pressure of rising labor and fertilizer costs in high-quality japonica rice production in Jiangsu Province, as well as to resolve the labor-intensive and time-consuming challenges of traditional split fertilization, it is imperative to develop mechanized cultivation technologies that are simplified, high-yielding, and efficient. This study used high-quality japonica rice Nangeng 5718 and Nangeng 9108 as the test materials, and conducted field experiments across different ecological zones. The aim was to investigate the effects of a one-time basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer combined with wide-narrow row pot-seedling machine transplanting on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Results showed that this technology significantly increased yields across all regions: In Xiangshui of Yanchen, the treatment combining wide-narrow row pot-seedling machine transplanting with “50% quick-acting N+10% 40-day controlled-release fertilizer+40% 80-day controlled-release fertilizer” yielded 58.67 kg/667 m2 more than the conventional fertilization treatment (control), representing an increase of 8.14%. In Xinghua of Taizhou, the treatment with “50% quick-acting N+10% 40-day controlled-release fertilizer+40% 100-day controlled-release fertilizer” resulted in a yield increase of 49.33 kg/667 m2 over the control (i.e, 7.35%). In Haian of Nantong, the treatment using “50% quick-acting N+10% 80-day controlled-release fertilizer+40% 100-day controlled-release fertilizer” achieved a yield gain of 32.00 kg/667 m2 compared to the control, equivalent to a 4.85% increase. Mechanism analysis revealed that the yield-enhancing and efficiency-boosting effects resulted from synergistic interactions among multiple factors: Wide-narrow row configuration improved ventilation and light penetration within the rice canopy, leveraging edge advantages to foster the development of a high-light-efficiency population, thereby significantly increasing leaf area index and photosynthetic potential. Pot-seedling transplanting with soil clods reduced transplanting injury, shortened the recovery period, and facilitated the formation of robust stems and large panicles, leading to marked increases in effective panicle number and spikelet count. The integration of quick-acting and controlled-release fertilizers precisely matched rice nitrogen demand across different growth stages, enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, and ensured vigorous late-stage photosynthetic production and dry matter accumulation. In conclusion, the one-time basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer combined with wide-narrow row pot-seedling machine transplanting integrates multiple simplifications and emerges as an efficient and practical technology for boosting both yield and resource use efficiency in high-quality japonica rice production in Jiangsu Province, with broad prospects for promotion and application.

Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Analysis of China’s Rice Industry Situation in 2025 and Outlook for 2026 XU Chunchun, JI Long, CHEN Zhongdu, SUN Yiying, LI Dan, FANG Fuping 2026, 32(2): 19-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (550KB) ( )   In 2025, China’s rice planting area saw a slight increase, while the per-unit yield reached another historic high, with total output remaining above 200 million tonnes for 15 consecutive years. Domestically, rice prices trended weakly overall, while rice consumption remained generally stable. The scale of rice imports and exports expanded significantly, with the structure of trading partner countries largely unchanged. The number of certified varieties increased slightly, and the proportion of high-quality varieties continued to rise. The transformation of rice production methods accelerated, with steady improvements in organization, mechanization, and intelligentization levels. Looking ahead to 2026, it is expected that the rice planting area will remain stable, per-unit yield will continue to rise steadily, the rice market will operate more smoothly, and brand development will be further upgraded.

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Research Progress on Outcrossing Characteristics of Parental Lines in Hybrid Rice YAO Jianjian, LIU Bohan, HE Jiwai, ZHUANG Wen, PAN Sujun, WU Jun 2026, 32(2): 23-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (925KB) ( )   Hybrid rice has made significant contributions to grain production due to its remarkable yield advantage. However, its development has been constrained in recent years by the relatively high cost of seeds. To reduce seed costs, it is necessary to increase seed production yield. The outcrossing ability of male sterile lines and restorer lines in hybrid rice directly affects the seed production yield. This paper summarizes the research progress on the outcrossing characteristics of hybrid rice parents, focusing on the synchronization of flowering time and duration, plant traits of male sterile lines, stigma characteristics and vitality, as well as the in vitro viability and quantity of pollen from restorer lines. It also discusses the impact of weather conditions on flowering periods and outcrossing seed setting. Finally, some strategies are proposed to enhance seed production efficiency, aiming to achieve high-yield seed production in hybrid rice and promote cost reduction and efficiency enhancement in hybrid rice seed production.

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Research Progress on Nanosilicon-Mediated Alleviation of Salt Stress in Rice WEI Renyuan, LI Rongkai, CUI Maoya, LIU Zhibo, LIU Juge, WEI Huanhe, XU Ke, DAI Qigen, CHEN Yinglong 2026, 32(2): 30-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (892KB) ( )   Soil salinization has led to a global average annual reduction in rice yield of over 30%, making the development of efficient salt-tolerant technologies an urgent priority. Nanosilicon, with its unique physicochemical properties and multi-target regulatory capabilities, has emerged as a promising strategy for alleviating salt stress in rice. This paper systematically reviews the effects of nanosilicon on rice growth and development, and elaborates on its physiological and ecological mechanisms in regulating rice growth and yield formation from multiple perspectives, including ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense systems, osmotic adjustment substance accumulation, photosynthetic machinery, and root system architecture. These insights provide a theoretical basis for promoting the large-scale application and sustainable management of nanosilicon in saline-alkali paddy fields. Finally, based on its characteristic of “high efficacy at low doses,” we further discuss the potential applications of nanosilicon in agroecosystems, as well as the major challenges currently faced.

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Iron and Manganese Poisoning in Rice: Physiological Mechanisms, Management and Future Prospects TU Guoqing, WU Jiaxiang, ZHANG Yichen, GUO Shiwei, XU Jiuliang, ZHAO Zhengxiong 2026, 32(2): 38-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (720KB) ( )   Rice serves as the staple food for over 50% of the global population. In regions such as Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, rice production is severely affected by iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) toxicity, resulting in yield losses ranging from a minimum of 15% to, in severe cases, complete crop failure. Fe and Mn toxicity often occurs in soil environments with high organic matter content or prolonged flooding, where Fe and Mn are reduced to their more reactive forms, Fe3+ and Mn4+, leading to metabolic disorders in plants. Currently, production management measures to mitigate Fe and Mn toxicity primarily include the screening of Fe/Mn-tolerant rice varieties, the combined application of phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and nitrogen fertilizers, as well as the integrated use of calcium oxide and water management strategies. However, the regulatory effects of physiologically alkaline fertilizers are unsatisfactory in high-organic-matter, neutral soils, and paddy fields under prolonged flooding. Given the commonalities between human and plant Fe/Mn toxicity, future research should enhance interdisciplinary integration and establish a systematic and comprehensive research framework to provide a more solid theoretical foundation and more effective practical strategies for the prevention and control of Fe and Mn toxicity in rice.

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Research on a Tillering Stage Rice Traits Extraction Method Based on 3D Reconstruction TAN Ying, GAO Farui, LU Miao, WANG Liuxihang, YANG Shengjie, ZHAN Yingchao, FENG Shangzong, FU Shenghui, LIU Shuangxi 2026, 32(2): 45-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1567KB) ( )   Rice is a major staple food crop worldwide, and accurate measurement of phenotypic traits during the tillering stage is essential for breeding programs and yield assessment. Conventional measurement methods are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and susceptible to subjective errors. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a 3D reconstruction approach based on Neural Radiance Fields(NeRF) for high-precision, non-destructive extraction of phenotypic parameters of rice at the tillering stage. The method begins by capturing multi-view videos of rice plants using a consumer-grade smartphone, followed by an adaptive frame extraction algorithm to obtain high-quality image sequences. Camera poses are then estimated using Structure-from-Motion (SfM), and an improved Instant-NGP algorithm is applied for efficient 3D reconstruction. Compared to the original NeRF, the proposed method achieves a 17.3% improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio, a 54.3% reduction in GPU memory usage, and a 99.4% decrease in reconstruction time. The resulting point clouds undergo preprocessing—including downsampling, denoising, coordinate correction, and segmentation—to extract key phenotypic traits such as plant height, stem diameter, tiller number, tiller angle, projected area, bounding box volume, and leaf count. Experimental results show strong agreement between automated and manual measurements, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.98, 0.94, 1.00, 0.95, and 0.97 for plant height, stem diameter, tiller number, tiller angle, and leaf number, respectively. The corresponding mean absolute percentage errors were 2.38%, 5.16%, 0%, 7.15%, and 2.20%. This research offers reliable technical support for rice breeding and precision cultivation.

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Transformation of the Rice Production System and Pathways for Multidimensional Benefit Enhancement Under the Guidance of Smart Agriculture Technology LI Bin, ZHANG Shuang, YANG Yi, CHEN Jiashuai, LUO Geng 2026, 32(2): 53-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1026KB) ( )   At the backdrop of multiple challenges faced by rice production in China, including labor shortages, resource waste, and environmental pollution, smart agriculture technologies are increasingly becoming a critical pathway for driving the green transformation of the rice industry. This paper takes typical major rice-producing regions such as Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi as examples to systematically analyze the application effects of core smart technologies—including precision agriculture, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI)—throughout the entire rice cultivation process. The research demonstrates that these technologies can significantly reduce pesticide and fertilizer application by 28%-42%, increase water use efficiency to over 70%, raise per-unit yield by 13%-16%, and lower overall production costs by more than 30%. Furthermore, smart agriculture contributes to improving farmland ecological environments, enhancing the climate resilience of rice production systems, and attracting young people back to rural employment. The paper also explores the potential integration of cutting-edge technologies such as quantum computing and blockchain into future rice production and proposes promotion recommendations based on regional differences, offering a feasible pathway for the intelligent development and green transformation of rice production in China.

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Progress in the Cultivation and Genetic Research of Colored Rice WANG Yuxia, WANG Jiawen, YU Yingzhen, LI Qinyan, GENG La, HUANG Liyu 2026, 32(2): 60-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (970KB) ( )   The brown rice of colored rice exhibits hues such as black, purple, and red due to the accumulation of anthocyanins in the seed coat. This type of rice is rich in a variety of health-beneficial components, including anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals, and γ-oryzanol, endowing it with significant dietary and nutritional value. Moreover, colored rice holds unique cultural significance in ethnic minority regions, is highly favored by consumers, and gains increasing market attention, demonstrating broad development prospects. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the cultivation history and current status, genetic basis, nutritional value and cultural applications of colored rice, and also discusses future directions and breeding objectives for the colored rice industry in China. Relevant research is expected to contribute to enriching crop diversity, enhancing agricultural ecological benefits, and ultimately supporting global food security and human health.

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Roles of Cultivation Measures in Regulating Grain Yield and Quality of Rice with Good Taste Quality XU Yunji, HUANG Yu, TRAYE Indrila Dey, WENG Xuelian, ZHANG Weiyang, ZHU Kuanyu, ZHU Guanglong, WANG Zhiqin, YANG Jianchang 2026, 32(2): 67-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (962KB) ( )   Rice quality not only affects consumers’ health and quality of life but also exerts a profound influence on the agricultural economy, world trade patterns, and market competitiveness. With the continuous improvement in people’s life quality and consumption levels, how to increase the supply of rice varieties with good taste quality and enhance their eating experience have become a new focal point of societal attention. This paper briefly elaborates on the concept, classification, characteristics, and typical varieties of rice with good taste quality. It primarily summarizes the research progress on the regulatory effects of current different cultivation and regulation measures on the yield and quality formation of rice with good taste quality, explores the existing issues in rice quality research, and indicates future development directions. The aim is to provide a solid theoretical foundation and robust technical support for the cultivation and regulation of rice with good taste quality in the future.

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Synergistic Effects of Optimized Interaction Between Rice Variety and Fertilizer Management on Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions and Rice Yield MO Xiaorong, XU Changxin, FENG Jinfei, WANG Yaru, WANG Honghang, LI Fengbo 2026, 32(2): 75-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (766KB) ( )   Rice paddies are a primary grain production base in China and also a significant source of gaseous nitrogen emissions. Research on nitrogen emission reduction in paddy fields is crucial for ensuring national food security and mitigating nitrogen pollution. This study employed a randomized complete block split-plot design, with main plots subjected to three fertilizer treatments with the same total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: conventional fertilization (CK), controlled-release fertilizer (CRN), and urea supplemented with a nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), with same N, P, K total quantity. The subplots were planted with three rice varieties: Zhongzheyou 8, Yongyou 1540, and Zhehexiang 2. The objective was to investigate the interactive effects of rice variety and fertilizer management practices on gaseous nitrogen emissions in paddy fields and rice yields. The results demonstrated that the interaction between DMPP treatment and rice variety significantly reduced cumulative nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Under the CRN treatment, plots planted with Yongyou 1540 exhibited the lowest N2O emissions. Plots planted with Zhongzheyou 8 and Yongyou 1540, both amended with CRN, showed lower total ammonia (NH3) volatilization, at 48.1 kg/ha and 57.9 kg/hm2, respectively. Regarding total gaseous nitrogen emissions, the interaction modes involving Zhongzheyou 8 or Yongyou 1540 with CRN resulted in significantly lower cumulative emissions compared to other interaction modes. In terms of yield, the combination of planting Yongyou 1540 with CRN application achieved the highest grain yield. Consequently, considering both grain yield increase and gaseous nitrogen pollution control, cultivating Yongyou 1540 in combination with CRN application can achieve the dual objectives of high rice yield and reduced gaseous nitrogen emissions.

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Response of Lodging Resistance and Stem Traits to Water and Nitrogen Regulation in High-Quality Late Rice LYU Guangdong, GAO Jing, CHEN Youping, LUO Huilong, WANG Ren, XIAO Fangxi, XIAO Yan, GUO Shifen, HUANG Yiguo, ZOU Dan, WU Cong 2026, 32(2): 81-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (680KB) ( )   To explore the traits and mechanical characteristics of lodging-resistant stems of high-quality late-season rice under water-nitrogen interaction conditions, this study used the high-quality late-season rice variety Nongxiang 42 as the test material and designed a split-plot experiment. Water management served as the main-plot factor, with two treatments: alternate wetting and drying (W1) and continuous flooding(W2). Nitrogen fertilizer management acted as the sub-plot factor, with three nitrogen application levels set at 120 kg/hm2 (N1), 180 kg/hm2 (N2), and 240 kg/hm2 (N3). The results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer management significantly influenced rice plant height, center-of-gravity height, center-of-gravity ratio, internode wall thickness, bending moment, and lodging index. Specifically, compared with the N1 treatment, the center-of-gravity height under the N2 and N3 treatments significantly increased by 11.08% and 15.32%, respectively, while the center-of-gravity ratio significantly increased by 9.36% and 12.93%, respectively. The internode wall thickness of the 3rd internodes under the N3 treatment significantly increased by 16.85%, while that of 4th internode significantly decreased by 12.00%. For the internode wall thickness of the 4th and 5th internodes under the N2 treatment significantly decreased by 24.67% and 8.70%, respectively. While the water-nitrogen interaction had a particularly notable impact on internode wall thickness, bending resistance, and lodging index. Under the same water management level, bending resistance showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase in nitrogen application levels. Compared with the N1 treatment, the lodging indices of the 1st to 3rd internodes under the N2 treatment increased by 27.06%, 37.84%, and 25.51%, respectively. The lodging indices of the 4th and 5th internodes under the N2 and N3 treatments significantly increased by 74.38%, 65.01% and 60.37%, 64.19%, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that the bending resistance of the 2nd to 4th internodes was significantly positively correlated with internode wall thickness, internode fullness, and bending modulus, and significantly negatively correlated with the maximum stress on the cross-section. The lodging indices of the 2nd to 4th internodes were significantly positively correlated with the center-of-gravity height and the maximum stress on the cross-section, and significantly negatively correlated with internode wall thickness and internode fullness. In conclusion, under a certain nitrogen fertilizer level (<180 kg/hm2), the use of alternate wetting and drying irrigation can effectively enhance the lodging resistance of the high-quality late-season rice variety Nongxiang 42 by improving its center-of-gravity height, center-of-gravity ratio, and internode wall thickness.

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Research on Effects and Interrelationships of Nitrogen Application and Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics， Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Flag Leaves, and Yield in Super Rice Yixiangyou 2115 CUI Bingping, FENG Yuehua, XU Guiling, XU Xiangjun, SONG ZhengLi, WEI Yanni, Huang Jianhua 2026, 32(2): 89-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1174KB) ( )   To investigate the response patterns of photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield of super hybrid rice leaves to nitrogen (N) application rate and planting density, this study used the hybrid indica rice Yixiangyou 2115 as experimental material and adopted a split-plot design with planting density as the main plot factor and N application rate as the subplot factor. Four levels of planting density were set: 125 300 hills/hm2, 166 700 hills/hm2, 200 800 hills/hm2, and 250 600 hills/hm2. Similarly, four levels of nitrogen application rate were established: 0 kg/hm2, 75 kg/hm2, 150 kg/hm2, and 225 kg/hm2. The results showed that in terms of photosynthetic characteristics, with the increase in nitrogen application rate, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of rice both exhibited a gradually rising trend, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) showed an opposite trend. As the planting density increased, Pn, Gs, and transpiration rate (Tr) all demonstrated a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Regarding chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, with the increase in nitrogen application rate, the maximum photosynthetic quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN), and quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation [Y(NPQ)] all showed a trend of first rising and then falling, while the actual photosynthetic quantum yield of PSⅡ [Y(II)], apparent electron transport rate (ETR), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation [Y(NO)] exhibited the opposite trend. As the planting density increased, Fv/Fm, Y(Ⅱ), ETR, qP, and qN all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. In terms of yield, with the increase in nitrogen application rate, rice yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with a turning point at 150 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application rate. Similarly, as the planting density increased, rice yield also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Under the experimental conditions, the suitable nitrogen application rate for Yixiangyou 2115 was 150 kg/hm2 and the suitable planting density was 200 800 hills/hm2, at which the rice yield could reach 9 267.55 kg/hm2. Further calculations using regression equations revealed that the optimal nitrogen application rate was 155.00 kg/hm2 and the optimal planting density was 191 300 hills/hm2, under which the highest yield of 9 384.64 kg/hm2 could be achieved. In conclusion, moderate nitrogen application and medium planting density can enhance the light adaptation ability of super hybrid indica rice leaves, improve their photosynthetic rate and efficiency, and help optimize yield components, thereby achieving high rice yield.

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Construction of a Green Fluorescent Protein-Labeled Strain of the Biocontrol Fungus FS-PNC Against Rice Planthoppers and Assessment of Its Pathogenicity ZHANG Junian, LIN Lili, LIU Qian, SHI Longqing, LIAN Ling, WU Chunzhu 2026, 32(2): 98-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (650KB) ( )   To elucidate the infection mechanism of Penicillium oxalicum strain FS-PNC isolated from the cadavers of infected brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens)—against rice planthoppers, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was introduced into FS-PNC via a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation method, successfully constructing the labeled strain FS-PNC-GFP. The mycelia, conidiophores, and conidia of the labeled strain stably expressed GFP, indicating successful integration and functional expression of the GFP gene in the fungal genome. Pathogenicity assays demonstrated that FS-PNC-GFP caused cumulative corrected mortality rates exceeding 70% for the third-instar nymphs and over 80% for the adults of three rice planthopper species: Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, and Laodelphax striatellus. No significant differences in pathogenicity were observed among the three planthopper species, and the virulence of FS-PNC-GFP was comparable to that of the wild-type strain FS-PNC, indicating that GFP labeling did not affect its pathogenic activity. The GFP-tagged strain constructed in this study retains the high pathogenicity of the wild-type strain against rice planthoppers while offering excellent traceability, providing a key tool for further clarifying the infection pathways of FS-PNC and laying a foundation for optimizing its field application as a biocontrol agent and deeply exploring host-fungus interaction mechanisms.

Varieties & Technology

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Effects of Rock Wool and Substrate Seedling Raising on the Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Mechanically Transplanted Rice Seedlings ZHU Lijuan, QI Xue, WANG Chunyan, CHEN Hao, ZHANG Yikai, ZHANG Yuping 2026, 32(2): 102-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (541KB) ( )   This study was conducted with Yongyou 1540 and Huazheyou 261 as experimental materials to explore the effects of seedling cultivation using rock wool and a specialized substrate for rice seedling-raising on seedling growth, physiological characteristics, and rice yield under different moisture conditions. The results showed that in terms of emergence rate, the specialized substrate for rice seedling-raising performed better than rock wool seedling-raising. However, under conditions of high temperature and water stress, seedlings raised with rock wool exhibited advantages over those raised with the specialized substrate in terms of plant height and dry matter accumulation. Moreover, rock wool seedling-raising also increased the soluble sugar content and elevated the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in the seedlings. Additionally, compared to the specialized substrate for rice seedling-raising, rock wool had better water retention properties, which effectively enhanced the drought resistance of rice seedlings. In terms of yield, rock wool seedling-raising also demonstrated certain advantages, showing an 8.2% increase compared to seedling-raising with the specialized substrate.

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Screening of New Glutinous Rice Varieties for Zongzi Production and Molecular Identification of Their Resistance Genes SUN Qiu'ai, HUANG Yuhe, ZHU Yuxuan, ZHAO Fengli, JI Zhijuan, ZHAN Xiaodeng, SUN Lianping, LV Qing, WEI Xinghua, HONG Yongbo 2026, 32(2): 107-112.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (751KB) ( )   To screen for new glutinous rice varieties suitable for cultivation in Hainan, characterized by high yield, multi-resistance, and specific suitability for zongzi (rice dumpling) production, this study conducted a field screening trial in Sanya, Hainan, using 20 new glutinous rice varieties. Genotypic identification was performed on each variety using 13 pairs of molecular markers for blast and bacterial blight resistance genes. A comprehensive evaluation was carried out on agronomic traits including yield characteristics, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. The results indicated that the indica glutinous rice variety Guiyunuo 198 exhibited moderate plant height, strong lodging resistance, and high yield, with a two-year average yield of 426.5 kg/667 m2, demonstrating good promotion potential. Another new variety, Guifengheinuo 166, rich in anthocyanins and suitable as a raw material for premium zongzi, showed a two-year average yield of 376.4 kg/667 m2, also indicating promising application prospects. Molecular marker analysis for disease resistance genes revealed that the blast resistance gene Pib had the highest distribution frequency at 71.43%, followed by Pikh, Pi5, and Pita, with detection rates of 42.86%, 42.86%, and 33.33%, respectively. The rice blast resistance genes Pi1 and Pit, as well as the bacterial leaf blight resistance genes Xa21 and Xa23, were not detected. This study successfully identified new glutinous rice varieties suitable for planting in Hainan and preliminarily clarified their resistance genetic background, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent resistance breeding.

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Improvement of Blast Resistance and Rice Quality in the Sterile Rice Line 33S by Molecular Marker-assisted Selection ZHANG Yi, XIE Hongjun, ZENG Xiaoshan, XIAO Feng, TANG Guohua, ZHU Mingdong, YU Yinghong 2026, 32(2): 113-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )   33S is a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line special for late hybrid rice, which known for its good combining ability, the series of hybrid combinations derived from 33S are widely popular in the market due to its short growth period, high yield potential, and excellent lodging resistance. However, its practical application in hybrid breeding is constrained by poor resistance to rice blast, both leaf blast and panicle blast reaching severity level 9, and a high amylose content of 24.9%. This study combined directional backcrossing and molecular marker-assisted selection to introduce the rice blast resistance gene Pigm and the amylopectin-regulating gene Wxb into 33S, successfully developing two improved lines, HS4 and HS5, harboring both target genes. Resistance evaluations and grain quality analyses revealed that the comprehensive blast resistance indices of HS4 and HS5 were 3.5 and 2.3, corresponding amylose contents were 11.7% and 11.6%, respectively. When the same paternal line was crossed with the improved strain and 33S, there were no significant differences in the main agronomic traits of the resulting combinations. Furthermore, whole-genome resequencing indicated that the genetic background recovery rates of HS4 and HS5 were 96.67% and 97.79%, respectively. The results revealed that pyramiding Pigm and Wxb significantly enhances both blast resistance and grain quality, achieving targeted improvement in both disease resistance and palatability of the 33S rice line.

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Effects of Hybrid Rice Seedling Raising and Transplanting Methods on the Quality of Mechanical Transplanting in Deep Mud-footed Field SUN Yongjian, ZHOU Xiaobo, FENG Lin, HE Liye, DENG Yuqian, MEI Xiufeng, SHE Hengzhi, WANG Hao, LIAO Qin, WANG Zhonglin, YANG Zhiyuan, MA Jun 2026, 32(2): 118-123.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (602KB) ( )   In hilly regions, the deep mud layer of winter paddy fields often causes rice transplanters to sink, severely compromising transplanting quality. To systematically evaluate the effects of different seedling-raising methods combined with lightweight rice transplanters on transplanting performance in such fields and explore the relationship between seeding quality and machine-transplanting quality index, this study designed experiments covering both the seedling-raising and machine-transplanting stages. During the seedling-raising phase, two methods were compared: nutrient soil and muddy soil. Three seeding rates (75, 85, and 95 g/tray) and three seedling ages (25, 33, and 40 days) were tested. In the transplanting phase, two types of lightweight equipment were used: a 4-row walk-behind transplanter and a 4-row riding high-speed transplanter. Results showed that seedling-raising method, seeding rate, and seedling age significantly affected the quality of hybrid rice seedlings. A strong correlation was observed between seedling quality and transplanting performance, particularly in deep-mud fields. Compared to the walk-behind transplanter, the riding high-speed transplanter significantly reduced the rates of missing, floating, and overturned seedlings by 0.70%-2.06%, and improved the transplanting uniformity by 2.05%. Further correlation analysis indicated that increasing plant height, leaf age, root entanglement force, and seedling fullness helped reduce missing and floating seedlings, but increased the rates of overturned and injured seedlings. Improving seedling uniformity effectively reduced floating, overturned, and injured seedlings while enhancing transplanting uniformity. Overall, the optimal combination was the riding high-speed transplanter paired with nutrient soil seedlings, a seeding rate of 85 g/tray, and a seedling age of 33 days. This configuration improved the transplanting uniformity coefficient by 0.10%-9.03% compared to other treatments, providing a practical basis for high-quality mechanized cultivation of hybrid rice in deep-mud fields.

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Analysis and Countermeasures of Rice Production and Difficulties in Wuxi City in 2024 LI Lei, JI Sen 2026, 32(2): 124-128.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.02.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (730KB) ( )   Affected by a combination of factors, including extreme summer heatwaves, typhoon strikes, and continuous overcast and rainy weather in early November, the large-scale harvesting of rice in Wuxi City did not commence until early November 2024. Moreover, during the concentrated harvesting period, the weather alternated between rain and sunshine, leaving the soil in the fields wet and muddy. This significantly slowed down the rice harvesting progress compared to 2023 and also led to a decrease in the per-unit yield of rice. This paper focuses on the difficulties encountered during rice production in Wuxi City in 2024. By examining the measures taken to overcome these challenges, it conducts an in-depth analysis of the reasons for the decline in rice yield per unit area and proposes improving directions and specific measures for 2025 and beyond.