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20 May 2026, Volume 32 Issue 3 Previous Issue   
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Large-Area Increase in Rice Yield & Efficiency
Special Thesis & Basic Research
Varieties & Technology
Local Rice


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Large-Area Increase in Rice Yield & Efficiency

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Realistic Constraints and Implementation Pathways for Large-Scale Per-Unit Yield Improvement of Rice in Hubei ZHANG Feng, SUN Yang, XU Deze, MAN Jianguo, CAO Peng 2026, 32(3): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (582KB) ( )   The new round of the “100 Billion Jin Grain Production Capacity Enhancement Initiative” is crucial to national food security and long-term development, representing a tough battle that must be won. As one of China’s thirteen major grain-producing provinces, Hubei must resolutely shoulder its political responsibility as a leading agricultural province. Rice is the largest grain crop in Hubei, and significantly increasing its per-unit yield is an essential component of achieving the national production capacity target. To explore effective pathways for increasing yield per unit area, we conducted field investigations across the province’s main rice-growing areas, systematically reviewed the current status and outcomes of policy support, resource conditions, technology application, and industrial development, accurately identified bottlenecks constraining yield increases, and proposed targeted implementation strategies for large-scale yield improvement. This study aims to provide comprehensive, scientific, and actionable decision-making references for Hubei to advance this work in a solid and effective manner.

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Technology Pathways for Large-Scale Yield Increase and Efficiency Improvement of Rice in Hanzhong City GE Xi, CUI Yuezhen, WANG Yaliang, REN Qiongzhi, HE Zhongjun, ZHANG Wanchun 2026, 32(3): 5-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (543KB) ( )   To thoroughly implement the national food security strategy and operationalize the general requirements of “storing grain in the land and storing grain through technology”, this study focuses on Hanzhong City to address bottlenecks in raising rice yields and insufficient technological integration in southern Shaanxi. Anchored in regional ecological characteristics and the rice-rapeseed rotation system, we systematically explored technical pathways for large-scale rice yield improvement, emphasizing the coordinated enhancement of both productivity and economic returns. By selecting superior varieties and integrating cultivation techniques such as robust seedling cultivation combined with dense mechanical transplanting, we established a comprehensive yield-increasing and efficiency-enhancing pathway encompassing “variety optimization+technological integration+model innovation+contract farming+demonstration-driven promotion”. This pathway was promoted through a multi-level demonstration network. In 2025, despite multiple adverse weather events, the average rice yield in Hanzhong reached 479.57 kg/667 m2, an increase of 8.47 kg/667 m2 over the previous year (year-on-year growth of 1.80%). Notably, the mechanized transplanting mode using the leading variety Huazheyou 210 increased yield by 37.30 kg/667 m2 compared with the manual transplanting mode, with a corresponding profit gain of 150.10 yuan/667 m2. The developed technical model demonstrates strong resilience and high regional adaptability, providing a replicable and scalable systematic solution for sustained rice yield improvement and whole-industry-chain value enhancement in southern Shaanxi.

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The Coordinated Regulation Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Early Indica Rice GONG Jun, CHEN Jianjiang, YU Kunyu, HUANG Qina, CHEN Linbo, LI Chengyong, ZHENG Jianbin 2026, 32(3): 9-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (980KB) ( )   To determine the optimal sowing window for high yield and quality of early indica rice in the Quzhou region, two cultivars—Zhongzu 100 and Zhongzao 39—were used as experimental materials under five sowing date treatments(T1, early spring low-temperature stress; T2, conventional sowing date; T3, optimal light-temperature resource utilization; T4, high-temperature grain-filling period; T5, delayed sowing stress). The effects of sowing date on rice growth stages, physiological traits, yield components, and grain quality were systematically analyzed. The results showed that T3 synchronized key growth stages with the peak availability of light and temperature resources, maintaining the most stable physiological status in plants. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT) remained at relatively low levels, osmotic adjustment substances (soluble sugars, free amino acids) did not accumulate abnormally, and the chlorophyll relative content (SPAD value) was the highest. Yield components were synergistically optimized, with higher numbers of effective panicles, grains per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight, resulting in significantly greater grain yield than the other treatments (p<0.05). Path analysis further revealed that effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight were the primary factors influencing yield, and effective panicle number exerted a significant positive indirect effect on yield via 1000-grain weight. In terms of quality, T3 significantly reduced chalkiness degree and chalky grain percentage, and achieved the highest head rice rate. Based on comprehensive agronomic performance and cultivar characteristics, the suitable sowing period for Zhongzu 100 and Zhongzao 39 in the Quzhou area is early April (T3), with critical boundaries for early and late sowing being late March and late April, respectively. These findings provide theoretical support and practical guidance for precision cultivation and regional cultivar deployment of early indica rice.

Special Thesis & Basic Research

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Breeding Strategies and Application for High-Yield and High-Efficiency Hybrid Rice Seed Production PENG Jiaqi, LI Yan, SUN Pingyong, ZHANG Wuhan, SHU Fu, ZHAO Wanghui, LV Qiming, LI Yuanjie, DENG Huafeng, LEI Dongyang, HE Qiang 2026, 32(3): 16-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (867KB) ( )   The successful application of hybrid rice has contributed significantly to ensuring China’s food security, with efficient seed production technology being crucial for its large-scale promotion. This paper systematically reviews the development process of hybrid rice seed production technology in China, from the initial exploration and improvement stages to the current phase of maturity and high yield, with a focus on breeding strategies for achieving high-yield and high-efficiency seed production. It summarizes research advances in key technologies such as improving the stigma excretion rate and vitality of the female parent, precisely synchronizing the flowering time of parental lines, and enhancing parental heat tolerance to increase outcrossing seed set rates. The paper also analyzes novel seed purification and production technologies, including leaf and hull color markers, herbicide-resistant techniques, and mechanized mixed planting and harvesting, which have significantly improved seed purity, production efficiency, and reduced labor costs. Finally, the paper prospects future development directions for hybrid rice seed production, pointing out that creating new parental lines suitable for whole-process mechanization and utilizing apomixis to fix heterosis will be fundamental paths toward achieving sustainable development in hybrid rice production.

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Research Progress for Rice MYB Transcription Factors LIU Song, TANG Shaoqing, FIAZ Sajid, REN Guangjun, GAO Fangyuan 2026, 32(3): 23-31.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1000KB) ( )   Plant MYB represents a large family of transcription factors that play extensive roles in regulating crucial biological processes. These include growth and developmental regulation, such as seed dormancy and germination, root development, secondary cell wall synthesis, tiller initiation and elongation, floral organ differentiation and development, panicle morphogenesis, seed development, and phytohormone metabolism. They are also key players in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., diseases, insect pests, high temperature, low temperature, drought, high salinity, and UV damage), absorption and utilization of mineral nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, copper), and the synthesis of secondary metabolites (e.g., anthocyanins, flavonoids). This review systematically summarizes the protein structure and classification of MYB transcription factors, as well as the important agronomic traits they regulate. Future research directions are also discussed, including mining more MYB family genes in rice, deciphering the pleiotropic effects of MYB factors, identifying superior haplotypes, and promoting breeding applications through strategies such as promoter editing. The aim is to provide genetic resources and theoretical support for breeding rice varieties with high yield, improved quality, and enhanced stress resistance.

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Mechanism Analysis of Endophytic Microorganisms Regulating Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Rice WU Yunfeng, LIU Yuanhui, ZHU Xinxia, LIAO Wenli, TAO Yi, ZHU Junlin, WANG Danying, WU Wenge 2026, 32(3): 32-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1176KB) ( )   The increase in rice yield has long relied on the extensive application of nitrogen fertilizers, which not only significantly raises production costs but also triggers a series of environmental issues, including farm and soil degradation, water eutrophication, and ecological deterioration. As an important class of novel biological resources, rice endophytic microorganisms can markedly enhance nitrogen use efficiency through multiple mechanisms, such as promoting root development, regulating the expression of nitrogen metabolism-related genes, secreting plant growth regulators, and improving the rhizosphere microenvironment. In-depth analysis of the interactions between rice endophytic microorganisms and nitrogen uptake and utilization not only contributes to sustainable agricultural development but also holds great potential for increasing rice yields. This paper systematically reviews the transmission mechanisms, diversity characteristics, and ecological functions of rice endophytic microorganisms, analyzes key environmental factors influencing endophytic community structure, and elaborates on the interaction mechanisms between rice endophytes and nitrogen acquisition/utilization. It further explores potential strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency by harnessing endophytic diazotrophs and high-efficiency plant growth-promoting bacteria, summarizes current research challenges, and provides prospects for future studies. The aim is to offer a theoretical foundation for developing environmentally friendly microbial fertilizers and achieving green, high-efficiency rice production.

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Effects of Nanoplastic Stress on Rice Seed Germination and Seedling Physiological Characteristics YA Caise, HU Jinfu, YAO Xiong, WANG Ping 2026, 32(3): 41-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (869KB) ( )   To investigate the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on rice seed priming and their underlying mechanisms, this study utilized four rice varieties (Wuyoudao 4, Yuxiangnuo 1, Yuxiangyou 8133, and Yongyou 4949) as experimental materials. Treatments included a blank control (CK) and NP treatments at concentrations of 0.1 mg/L (T1), 10 mg/L (T2), and 1000 mg/L (T3). Seed germination characteristics, seedling growth status, and antioxidant physiological indices (including activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and MDA content) were measured. The results showed that the T1 treatment slightly promoted seed germination, while the T2 and T3 treatments significantly inhibited it. All NPs treatments promoted shoot growth but inhibited root development, resulting in a decreased root-to-shoot ratio. The antioxidant enzyme responses exhibited an uncoupled phenomenon: SOD and CAT activities increased, POD activity was inhibited, and changes in MDA content varied depending on the variety and treatment concentration. Yongyou 4949 and Wuyoudao 4 exhibited strong tolerance with minimal oxidative damage, whereas Yuxiangnuo 1 and Yuxiangyou 8133 were more sensitive to NPs, showing aggravated membrane lipid peroxidation. This study provides a theoretical basis for stress-resistant rice cultivation, microplastic pollution prevention and control in farmland, and the selection of tolerant varieties, thereby contributing to the assurance of safe rice production.

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Research Progress on the Characteristics of Yield Advantage Formation in Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice Cultivated in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land ZUO Boyuan, GENG Xiaoyu, MA Weiyi, ZHANG Xiang, WANG Lulu, ZHU Jizou, MENG Tianyao, WEI Huanhe, DAI Qigen 2026, 32(3): 48-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (728KB) ( )   Currently, China’s food security still faces a relatively prominent contradiction among “population, land, and grain”. China has 2.34 million hm2 of coastal saline-alkali land and 100 million hm2 of inland saline-alkali land. These saline-alkali lands are rare reserve land resources with enormous potential for comprehensive utilization. Rice is often selected as a key crop for soil improvement in both coastal and inland saline-alkali lands. It can continuously play a special role in integrating “utilization, improvement, and conservation” to gradually optimize the soil. In recent years, indica-japonica hybrid rice has repeatedly set high-yield records in production practices, demonstrating extremely broad prospects for production and application. This paper first provides a systematic review of the impacts of salt stress on rice yield and its components, material production capacity, plant type morphological characteristics, and leaf photosynthetic physiological traits. Secondly, it deeply reveals the morphological and physiological characteristics underlying the yield advantage formation of indica-japonica hybrid rice in coastal saline-alkali land and proposes targeted key cultivation measures for high-yield cultivation of indica-japonica hybrid rice in coastal saline-alkali land. Finally, it discusses and prospects the research on strengthening the mechanism of high-yield cultivation of indica-japonica hybrid rice in coastal saline-alkali land, aiming to provide solid theoretical and technical support for high-yield cultivation and regulation management.

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Effects of Rice Seed Coat Thickness on Germination Process and Physiological Response under Seed Priming LIN Xueer, TANG Ziran, QIU Xianjin, YAO Xiong 2026, 32(3): 54-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (666KB) ( )   Frequent extreme climate events such as droughts and high temperatures caused by global warming have led to a 32%-53% decrease in the emergence rate of direct-seeded rice compared with the baseline level, seriously threatening food security. Hydropriming, as a low-cost seed pretreatment technology without chemical residues, can enhance germination efficiency and stress resistance by regulating seed metabolism and gene expression. In this study, four different rice varieties, namely Wuyoudao 4, Yuxiangyou 8133, Yongyou 4949, and Yuxiangnuo 1, were used as materials. Combined with the determination of seed coat thickness, the seed germination process and physiological responses under hydropriming (T treatment, hydropriming treatment) and non-priming (CK, control treatment) were analyzed to explore the effect of seed coat thickness on priming efficacy. The results showed that there were differences in seed coat thickness among the four varieties, which were closely correlated with germination and resistance indices after priming. The T treatment significantly advanced the initiation time of germination by 1-2 days, and the germination index was significantly increased. For example, the germination indices of Wuyoudao 4 and Yongyou 4949 increased by 42.87% and 24.03%, respectively. However, the germination energy and mean germination time decreased, and there was no significant difference in the final germination rate between the T treatment and CK. In terms of resistance, the T treatment reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of all varieties. For instance, the POD activity of Wuyoudao 4 in the T treatment was 65.52% significant higher than that in CK. Yuxiangnuo 1, with a thicker seed coat, showed an 22.39% increase in root length under the T treatment compared to CK. Its biomass and root-shoot ratio, and SOD activity increased singnificantly, with its biomass and root-shoot ratio being the highest among the four cultivars. In contrast, Yongyou 4949, with a thinner seed coat, exhibited the lowest germination energy and the largest decrease in MDA content(43.62%). The study indicated that seed coat thickness affects the germination response and resistance performance of rice seeds to hydropriming by regulating water absorption and the antioxidant system, providing a theoretical basis for drought-tolerant variety screening and optimization of direct-seeding techniques.

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Research on the Effects of Different Application Methods of Bio-Fertilizer in Synergistically Enhancing Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency LI Xiao, WANG Xinya, HE Zhuoting, ZHU Lianfeng, KONG Yali, ZHU Chunquan, TIAN Wenhao, ZHANG Junhua, JIN Qianyu, CAO Xiaochuang 2026, 32(3): 60-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (566KB) ( )   To screen suitable application modes of bio-fertilizer in rice production, this study used the late japonica rice cultivar Shanghaishida 19 as the test material and conducted field plot experiments to systematically investigate the effects of different bio-fertilizer application methods on rice yield, nitrogen accumulation and translocation, and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE). Six fertilization treatments were designed: T1, no nitrogen control; T2, conventional nitrogen application (pure N 225 kg/hm2); T3, T2 + foliar spraying of bio-fertilizer at 3.75 L/hm2 at the 2-leaf-1-heart stage of seedlings; T4, T2 + foliar spraying of bio-fertilizer at 7.5 L/hm2 at the 2-leaf-1-heart stage of seedlings; T5, T2 + root-dipping with bio-fertilizer at 3.75 L/hm2 before transplanting; and T6, T2 + root-dipping with bio-fertilizer at 7.5 L/hm2 before transplanting. The results showed that, compared with T2, co-application of bio-fertilizer significantly increased rice yield. Among these, treatment T6 achieved the highest yield, reaching 9 858.0 kg/hm2, representing a significant increase of 13.74% over T2, and its grains per panicle (97.1 grains) were significantly higher than those of other treatments (P<0.05). T6 also significantly increased stem-leaf nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation at the tillering peak stage, panicle nitrogen content at the full heading stage, panicle nitrogen accumulation at maturity, and total plant nitrogen accumulation, while effectively reducing stem-leaf nitrogen retention rate. Regarding nitrogen use efficiency, the nitrogen recovery efficiency (47.40%), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (8.34 kg/kg), and nitrogen partial factor productivity (43.81 kg/kg) of T6 were significantly higher than those of T2 by 64.01%, 171.66%, and 13.73%, respectively. In conclusion, based on conventional nitrogen application, root-dipping with bio-fertilizer at 7.5 L/hm2 (diluted 5 times) before rice transplanting can effectively promote nitrogen accumulation in the early growth stage and its translocation to panicles, synergistically enhance rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. This model is suitable as a bio-fertilizer application technology for promotion and application in green rice production.

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Cloning and Breeding Utilization of Resistance Genes to Bacterial Blight in Rice FU Shiyuan, YANG Deqing, YANG Dewei 2026, 32(3): 65-70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (856KB) ( )   Rice bacterial blight, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), is a bacterial disease that affects rice worldwide, significantly reducing both yield and quality. This disease is widespread in China, and its pathogen is characterized by rapid transmission and high mutability. This paper begins by outlining the inheritance patterns of resistance genes against rice bacterial blight. It then details recent advances in the identification of these resistance genes and the application of gene editing technology in breeding for blight resistance. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of resistance are summarized, and future prospects for further mining and functional characterization of resistance genes, as well as their utilization in breeding, are discussed. The aim is to provide a reference for in-depth research on resistance breeding and the genetic mechanisms of rice bacterial blight.

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Distribution and Resistance Analysis of Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Varieties from the Huang-Huai-Hai Region ZHANG Qiaoling, GAO Farui, GAO Guoliang, LOU Like, HUANG Jingfen, HUANG Xincheng, QIAO Weihua 2026, 32(3): 71-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (545KB) ( )   In this study, functional molecular markers of eight blast resistance genes—Pigm, Pi2, Pid3-A4, Ptr, Pita, Pi63, Pi9, and bsr-d1—were used to detect resistance genes in 90 japonica rice cultivars popularized in the Huang-Huai-Hai rice region. Resistance identification was also conducted via artificial inoculation with a mixture of Magnaporthe oryzaeraces under field conditions. The results showed that only four resistance genes—Pita, Pi2, Pigm, and Pid3-A4—were detected in the tested cultivars. Materials carrying the Pigm gene alone generally exhibited broad-spectrum resistance, while the combination of Pita and Pi2 genes conferred broad-spectrum and durable resistance, although single-gene-mediated resistance was unstable. Cultivars from Shandong and Jiangsu provinces showed better overall blast resistance, with Jiangsu cultivars displaying higher polymorphism of the detected resistance genes and more diverse gene combinations. This study clarifies the distribution of blast resistance genes in main japonica rice cultivars from the Huang-Huai-Hai region and its correlation with disease resistance, providing a theoretical basis and germplasm resources for pyramiding superior genes in resistance breeding.

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Resistance Evaluation of Southern Japonica Rice Germplasm Against Sheath Blight in Field FANG Jianjiang, ZHANG Wenxuan, CHEN Qi, ZHAI Pengfei, XIONG Yixuan, YU Lingbo, CHEN Zihang, DONG Zhenzhong, FENG Zhiming, XIE Wenya, HU Keming, CHEN Zongxiang, ZUO Shimin 2026, 32(3): 76-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (712KB) ( )   Sheath blight is one of the three major diseases in rice, posing a serious threat to rice green sustainable production and high stable yield. As a primary staple crop, the safe production of japonica rice is of great significance to national food security. In this study, under field inoculation conditions, we evaluated the resistance to sheath blight in 255 japonica rice varieties and 35 indica rice varieties collected from different ecological regions of southern China. The results showed that the overall resistance level of the tested varieties was low, with 89.7% of them being moderately susceptible to susceptible. The resistance of indica rice varieties was generally superior to that of japonica varieties. Among the japonica varieties, those from Zhejiang Province exhibited higher resistance levels compared to those from Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces. In Jiangsu, late-maturing japonica types showed better resistance than medium-maturing and late-medium-maturing types. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between sheath blight resistance and both heading date and plant height. Based on disease rating, heading date, and plant height, 14 moderately resistant japonica varieties with relatively good resistance were identified, providing valuable germplasm resources for breeding sheath blight-resistant japonica rice in southern China.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Bakanae Disease Resistance at the Seedling Stage and Screening of Resistant Rice Germplasm CHEN Ling, WANG Wenxiu, LIN Wenying, LIANG Limei, OUYANG Younan, TONG Tao, LIU Guoyong, JI Zhijuan 2026, 32(3): 81-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (566KB) ( )   Rice bakanae disease, caused by the seed-borne fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, is a fungal disease primarily characterized by symptoms such as excessive elongation of seedlings, which can lead to plant death in severe cases. Currently, chemical control remains the primary method for managing this disease. The evaluation of bakanae disease standards for resistance in rice germplasm resources remains diverse and lacks unifies standards. The seedling stage is a critical period determining the occurrence of bakanae disease. To address this, a comprehensive resistance index was developed based on the elongation rate and seedling death rate at the seedling stage, using 99 rice germplasm resources (including 45 early indica rice, 30 late japonica rice, and 24 three-line sterile lines) to evaluate their resistance. The results revealed that only two out of the 99 germplasms exhibited resistance. Among them, the early indica rice line ‘Zhongfanzao E67’ had a comprehensive index of 1.8, rated as “resistant”, while the late japonica rice variety ‘Zhegeng 98’ had an index of 3.8, rated as “moderately resistant”. Among the remaining 97 susceptible materials, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible germplasms accounted for 22.22%, 16.16%, and 59.60% of the total, respectively. Additionally, japonica rice materials overall demonstrated a higher level of resistance compared to indica rice. The comprehensive index established in this study effectively reflects the resistance level of rice germplasms to bakanae disease at the seedling stage and has successfully identified two resistant germplasECEChese findings provide valuable insights for resistance identification and disease resistance breeding targeting rice bakanae disease.

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Advances in Postharvest Drying and Storage Technologies for Rice ZHU Dawei, SHAO Yafang, ZHANG Linping, CHEN Mingxue, DUAN Xiaoliang, QIN Yebo, LI Yan 2026, 32(3): 86-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (630KB) ( )   As one of China’s three major staple crops, rice has maintained a stable total year output of over 200 million tons in the past 14 years. The yield and quality of rice grains are of paramount importance for ensuring national food security. Meanwhile, the drying and storage processes after rice harvest significantly affect the final output rate and quality of rice. This paper provides a systematic review of the impacts of post-harvest drying and storage processes on rice quality, and also offers insights into the research directions for drying and storage technologies for rice, aiming to provide valuable references for post-harvest processing techniques that focus on “grain saving, loss reduction, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement” for rice.

Varieties & Technology

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The Impact of“W”-shaped Three-Dimensional Circular Industrial Seedling Raising on Seedling Quality and Cultivated Population Characteristics of Parents in Hybrid Rice Seed Production WANG Ming, LEI Bin, ZHANG Weiliang, WANG Hanbing, ZHAN Xinmin, XIANG Xiaocheng, ZOU Linjiang, ZHANG Jun, LIU Aimin 2026, 32(3): 91-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (705KB) ( )   This study used parents A8450, Yangtai A, and R128 as materials, to explore the impact of three-dimensional industrial seedling raising on the characteristics of parents in hybrid rice seed production. Three seedling-raising methods were set up:“W”-shaped three-dimensional circular industrial seedling tray raising, field seedling tray raising, and traditional wet bed seedling raising. Five seedling age treatments were designed under each method. The differences in seedling quality, growth characteristics, maximum seedling number, and spike-grain structure among different treatments were systematically compared. The results showed that the overall seedling quality of“W”-shaped three-dimensional circular industrial seedling raising was relatively poor. The leaf emergence rate slowed down after 14 days of seedling age. By 26 days of seedling age, the leaf age did not exceed 2.6 leaves, the seedling height was lower than 20 cm, the basal stem width was less than 2.6 mm, and the plants were relatively weak. In contrast, the seedling quality of field seedling tray raising and traditional wet bed seedling raising was good during the same period. After transplanting to the field, the differences in characteristics among different treatments narrowed. The variation range of the number of main stem leaves was within 0.6 leaves, and there were no significant differences in the number of effective panicles per hill, maximum seedling number, panicle length, and total grains per panicle. Industrial seedling raising had a significant impact on the duration from sowing to heading of the parents, with the order being“W”-shaped three-dimensional circular industrial seedling raising≥field seedling tray raising≥traditional wet bed seedling raising. Moreover, as the seedling age extended, the duration from sowing to heading of the industrial seedling raising treatment increased to a greater extent. In addition, the total grains per hill of“W”-shaped three-dimensional circular industrial seedling raising were 1.48%-9.82% lower than those of field seedling tray raising and 8.41%-19.85% lower than those of traditional wet bed seedling raising. In conclusion,“W”-shaped three-dimensional circular industrial seedling raising can be used for seedling cultivation of parents in hybrid rice seed production, especially helping to alleviate problems such as seedling rot, low seedling survival rate, and poor uniformity that are prone to occur in field mechanical transplanting seedling raising under low-temperature conditions. However, attention should be paid to the impact of its extended duration from sowing to heading during application. The sowing and transplanting dates should be adjusted in a timely manner, and cultivation measures should be taken to increase the total grains per hill. The results of this study can provide technical basis and scientific reference for the promotion and application of three-dimensional industrial seedling raising technology in hybrid rice seed production.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage in Conventional Late Japonica Rice Varieties from Zhejiang Province BAO Jiaxue, YE Jing, ZHAI Rongrong, WU Mingming, ZHANG Xiaoming, WANG Jian, YE Shenghai 2026, 32(3): 97-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1422KB) ( )   Drought is one of the major abiotic stress factors limiting rice production. Clarifying the identification methods for drought tolerance at the seedling stage and screening drought-tolerant rice varieties are of vital importance for promoting rice production. In this study, 16 conventional late japonica rice varieties from Zhejiang Province were selected and cultivated in artificial climate chambers. Subsequently, drought stress was imposed using a 25% PEG-6000 solution, and various indicators were measured in detail, including survival rate, seedling length, root dry biomass, shoot dry biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, root diameter, total root length, and root surface area. The results showed that under drought stress, the average values of survival rate, seedling length, root dry biomass, shoot dry biomass, root diameter, total root length, and root surface area decreased by 29.08%, 16.51%, 14.72%, 26.89%, 10.39%, 7.86%, and 26.84%, respectively, while the root-to-shoot ratio increased by an average of 15.29%. Based on the coefficient of variation of the relative values of these eight traits, it was concluded that survival rate, root dry weight, total root length, and root surface area could serve as key indicators for evaluating drought tolerance at the seedling stage in conventional late japonica rice varieties from Zhejiang Province. To further verify the reliability of these indicators, fuzzy membership function analysis and principal component analysis were employed to assess the drought resistance of the varieties. The results showed a 100% overlap between the two methods, confirming the feasibility of the selected evaluation indices. Additionally, cluster analysis classified the 16 rice varieties into four groups. Group I exhibited high drought tolerance, Group Ⅳ showed high sensitivity, while Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were characterized as moderately drought-tolerant and moderately sensitive, respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, Zhekegeng 121 and Zegeng 136 were identified as highly drought-tolerant varieties, whereas Zegeng 99 and Zegeng 122 were classified as highly sensitive. This study not only provides a scientific and effective method for assessing drought tolerance in conventional late japonica rice varieties in Zhejiang Province, but also offers valuable parental resources for future breeding programs.

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Identification of Cold Tolerance at Germination Stage and Germplasm Screening in Japonica Rice Varieties from Heilongjiang Province YAN Mengmeng, DONG Yichao, GAO Shengnan, WANG Lulu, FU Yanmin, WEI Xuange, LI Hongyu, LIU Yueyue 2026, 32(3): 105-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (872KB) ( )   To screen cold-tolerant germplasm resources of japonica rice at the germination stage in Heilongjiang Province, this study used 344 japonica rice varieties as materials and applied two treatments: 25 ℃ (normal temperature) and 15 ℃ (low temperature). Indicators such as germination energy, germination rate, germination index, and mean germination time were measured. Relative values were calculated, and comprehensive evaluation of cold tolerance at the germination stage was conducted using principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and a comprehensive evaluation value (D-value). The results showed that low-temperature stress significantly reduced germination energy (mean decrease of 86.12%), germination rate (mean decrease of 7.62%), and germination index (mean decrease of 52.54%), while significantly prolonging the mean germination time (2.48 days at normal temperature vs. 5.38 days at low temperature). Significant differences in cold tolerance were observed among varieties. Principal component analysis transformed four relative indicators into two comprehensive indices, with a cumulative contribution rate of 88.172%. Cluster analysis divided the tested materials into four cold-tolerance grades; the first group (cold-tolerant type) included 107 accessions, with D-values ranging from 0.895 to 0.751. Finally, ten highly cold-tolerant germplasms, including Dongnong 415, Beidao 16, and Puyu 831, were selected.

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Screening of Optimal Sowing Rate for Xinjingyi 9, a Main Japonica Rice Cultivar in Xinjiang, under Side-deep Fertilization KANG Mintai, DU Xiaojing, ZHANG Yanhong, WEN Xiaorong, TANG Fusen, HOU Tianyu, QI Yuhong, ZHAO Zhiqiang, YUAN Jie, WANG Fengbin 2026, 32(3): 110-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (701KB) ( )   To improve the efficiency of mechanized rice planting in Xinjiang and screen for the optimal seeding rate for high-yield and high-quality cultivation under side-deep fertilization, a field experiment was conducted using the locally dominant variety Xinjingyi 9. Eight seeding rate gradients were established: 70 g/plate (T1), 90 g/plate (T2), 110 g/plate (T3), 130 g/plate (T4), 150 g/plate (T5), 170 g/plate (T6), 190 g/plate (T7), and 210 g/plate ( the local conventional seeding rate, CK). Indicators such as yield and its components, as well as rice quality, were measured, and principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to screen for the suitable seeding rate. The results indicated that with increasing seeding rates, effective panicle number, 1000-grain weight, grains per panicle, panicle length, and yield initially increased and then decreased. Treatment T4 (130 g/plate) achieved the highest yield by 14.92 t/hm2, which was significantly higher than that of low seeding rate treatments (70-90 g/plate) and high seeding rate treatments (190-210 g/plate). As the seeding rate increased, amylose content rose significantly; however, there were no significant differences among treatments regarding milled rice rate, head rice rate, protein content, or taste value. Principal component analysis and membership function calculations revealed that the D-value ranged from 0.13 to 1.00, with T4 recording the highest value and CK the lowest. Integrating yield performance and rice quality, a seeding rate of 130 g/plate under side-deep fertilization is recommended to significantly boost rice yield and improve grain quality in Xinjiang.

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Research on the High-quality Development Path of Hainan’s Rice Industry from the Perspective of SWOT Analysis HU Xiuqun, GONG Zhipeng, ZHANG Jizhen 2026, 32(3): 116-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.03.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1096KB) ( )   Rice serves as the core pillar industry of Hainan’s agriculture. Its high-quality development not only provides crucial support for ensuring regional food security but also acts as the core engine driving Hainan’s efforts to build itself into a strong province of tropical characteristical and high-efficiency agriculture, playing a significant leading and exemplary role in upgrading the quality of agriculture across the entire province. Based on the five core concepts encompassed by high-quality agricultural development—innovation-driven, green and sustainable, efficiency enhancement, industrial integration, and inclusive sharing—this paper systematically reviews the current development status of Hainan’s rice industry and employs the SWOT analysis method to conduct an in-depth examination from fourational strengths, weakness external opportunities, and practical threats. Building on this analysis, with the strategic orientation of “leveraging strengths, addressing weaknesses, seizing opportunities, and tacing challenges,” seven implementation paths are proposed to promote the high-quality development of Hainan’s rice industry: consolidating the variety foundation and deepening demonstration and exhibition; strengthening scientific and technological support to break through industrial bottlenecks; promoting ecologically efficient crop rotation and exploring green and sustainable pathways; upgrading service systems to enhance industrial efficiency; optimizing processing layouts and improving supply chain systems; constructing a brand matrix to facilitate the integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries; and refining precision subsidy mechanisms and innovating policy chain support. The research findings can provide a scientific basis for strategic planning and policy formulation for the high-quality development of Hainan’s rice industry under the new circumstances.